194 . V. PRINCIPLES OF 



ing the frond in Filiccs, &c.) attached to the trunk 

 ( including the stem of herbs,, the culm of grasses, and 

 the stipe of ferns with the trunk, caudex asccn- 

 dens, in trees ) and the trunk alone when ascer- 

 tained to be leafless. 



Temporary Species (Species temporaries ) bear the 

 form of such detached parts of plants and animals 

 as are not reducible to permanent species, e. g. 



In the genus MAMMODOLITHUS the detached 

 teeth- bones of the head of the trunk of the ex- 

 tremities. 



ORNITHOLITHUS the detached 



l)ill bones of the head, trunk, &c. 



AMPHIBIOLITHUS the teeth 



bones of the head detached vertebra bones of 

 the extremities. 



ICHTHYOLITHUS tedll bones 



of the head detached bones of the trunk -fins- 

 scales, &c. 



ENTOMOLITHUS the detached 



h ead th or ax abdo men Urn bs, &c. 



HELMINTHOLITHUS 



In the reliquia of Pennatulte the detached 

 fins, &c. 



Stylastra the detached body or 



head joints of the stem, &c. 



Asterice the detached rays. 



Echini the spines, teeth, &c. - 



Nuclei not refer rible to determined species. 



CoNCHYLIOLITHUS 



In Univalves detached parts of the spire, &c. 



