INTRODUCTION 



d 



UNDER SURFACE OF THE WING OF A CUCKOO SHRIKE : 



TO SHOW THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FEATHERS, THE TEN OUTER QUILLS OR 

 PRIMARIES SPRINGING FROM THE HAND, THE INNER QUILLS OR SECONDARIES FROM 



THE FOREARM. 



ft. First or outer primary. 



b. Tenth or innermost primary. 



c. Secondaries. 



d. Under wing-coverts. 



e. Axillary feathers. 



All measurements are in inches and decimals of an inch. 



The length is (unless otherwise stated) taken from the tip 

 of the bill to the end of the longest tail-feather. 



The length of the wing from the angle of the wing to the 

 tip of the longest quill, measured straight. 



That of the tail from the root of the tail, whence the quills 

 spring, to the tip of the longest feather. 



The tarsus is measured from the joint, or articulation of 

 the tarsus with the tibia, to that with the middle toe. 



The culmen is measured from the frontal feathers to the 

 point of the bill. 



