250 MOTACILLID^E 



ANTHUS 



Adult male in summer. Above, rufous-brown streaked with 

 black, otherwise as in winter. 



Distribution. Cape Colony; Cape Town (May ; King-Williams- 

 town (May); Eland's Post (June); Natal, and The Transvaal; 

 extending to Damara Land and Angola. 



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14:4:. Anthus pyrrhonotus. Cinnamon-backed Pipit. 



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L'Alouette a dos roux, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv, pi. 197 (1805). 

 Alauda pyrrhonota, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, i, p. 361 (1816). 

 Anthus leucophrys, Gray, Gen. B. i, p. 206 (1847) ; Layard, B. S. 



Afr. p. 122 (1867). 



Megalophonus pyrrhonotus, Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 211 (1867). 

 Anthus pyrrhonotus, Gurney, in Andersson's B. Damara Land, p. 113 



(1872) ; Butler, Feilden and Eeid, Zool. 1882, p. 336 ; Sharpe, ed. 



Layard' s B. S. Afr. p. 537 (1884) ; id. Cat. B. M. x, p. 555 (1885) ; 



Shelley, B. Afr. i, p. 12 (1896). 

 " Enkelde Leeuwerk " of the Dutch. 



Description. Adult male in summer. Above, brown, the lesser 

 wing - coverts like the back ; remaining coverts blackish edged 

 with buff ; quills dusky brown edged with fulvous ; tail-feathers 

 dark brown edged with grey, the tips of the outer pair and the outer 

 web of the outermost dull white ; crown like the back ; lores, 

 eyebrow and feathers below eye whitish, ear-coverts buff-brown ; 

 cheeks whitish bounded above and below by a dusky streak ; 

 throat dull white ; rest of under surface buff, lighter in the centre 

 of body and on the under tail-coverts, the chest slightly streaked 

 with dusky ; axillaries and under wing-coverts brown. 



Iris hazel ; bill dusky ; legs and feet dark flesh-colour. 



Length 6'60 ; wing 3'65 ; tail 2-35 ; tarsus 1-10 ; culmen 0-65. 



Adult female. Eesembles the adult male, but is a little smaller. 



Adult in winter. Above, a greyer brown, the edges of the wing- 

 coverts and quills more distinct, the breast less streaked. 



Distribution. This, the commonest species of Pipit in South 

 Africa, ranges over the greater portion of Cape Colony, excluding 

 the forest districts of the south, and is particularly abundant on 

 the veldt country of Upper Natal and the Orange Free State. 

 In the Transvaal, says Mr. Ayres, "it is distributed during the 

 winter months over the whole country, but more plentifully on 

 high bare land than in the bush or along the Limpopo." It 

 extends northward throughout Matabili and Mashonaland to the 

 Zambesi, and thence to Abyssinia. On the west coast this species 



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