KEY Vll. 



b 3 . Lower portion of thighs 

 and all the shanks naked 

 without feathers ; bill 

 very long, straight and 

 pointed Herodiones (Herons). 



6' 2 . Hind toe raised at the joint 

 above the level of the 

 other toes. 



n ". Lower portion of thighs 

 naked, without feathers. 



a 4 . Toes very long, middle 

 one longer than the 

 shank Balli (Bails). 



b 4 . Middle toe hardly ever 



equal to the shank . . . Limicolae (Waders) [in part] . 



6 3 . Lower portion of thighs 

 clothed with feathers ; 

 spurs generally present, 

 in the males, at least ... GallinsB (Game-birds). 



b 1 . Three front toes completely 

 webbed, hind toe free. 



a-. Bill compressed or long and 



pointed Gaviae (Gulls). 



b 2 . Bill depressed and flattened, 



never sharp-pointed Anseres (Ducks). 



c-. Bill bent downwards in the 

 middle, lower mandible 

 fixed, upper mandible 

 movable Phcenicopteri (Flamingoes). 



c 1 . All four toes with lateral lobe- 

 like expansions Pygopodes (Grebes) . 



d l . All four toes turned forwards 



and completely webbed Steganopodes (Duikers). 



b. Wings without quills, not used 

 for flight, modified as a swim- 

 ming organ, three toes com- 

 pletely webbed Sphenisci (Penguins) . 



