UPUPID.E UPUPA 



With twelve tail-feathers. 

 a 1 . Ten primaries, the first short about 



half length of wing Picidce, p. 124. 



ft 1 . Nine primaries, the first nearly as 



long as the following ones Indicatoridce (except Proto- 



discus], p. 144. 

 With ten tail-feathers. 

 rt 1 . With ten primaries. 



a-. Eictal and chin bristles well 



developed Capitonidce, p. 156. 



I-. Eictal and chin bristles not con- 

 spicuous Cuculidcz, p. 172. 



6 1 . With nine primaries, the first as 



long as the succeeding ones Protodiscus (Indicatoridce), 



p. 155. 



Suborder I. UPDP^l. 



Toes somewhat syndactyle ; deep plantar tendons not free from 

 one another as generally stated, but a slip of the posterior tendon, 

 i.e., the flexor longus hallucis, joins the branch of the flexor perforans 

 digitorum which supplies the third toe, so that while the fourth 

 and second toes are supplied by the flexor perforans digitorum alone 

 and the first toe by the flexor longus hallucis t the third toe is 

 supplied by a twig from both tendons (fig. 2/, p. 2) ; palate 

 desmognathous ; dorsal feather-tract defined on the neck, forked 

 on the upper neck (fig. 1, p. 2) ; oil gland tufted ; caeca absent ; 

 no ambiens or femoro-caudal muscles. 



Family I. UPUPID.E. 



Tbis family contains only a single genus, the characters of 

 wbich are given below. 



Genus I. UPUPA. 



Type. 

 Upupa, Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i, p. 183 (1766) U. epops. 



Bill long and slender, curved from the base to the tip ; tongue 

 very short ; nostrils rounded and widely open, placed nearer the 

 culmen tban the edge of the mandible ; head crested ; wings rounded 



