PELECANID^l PELECANUS 25 



the culmen ; a very large pouch of naked skin depending from 

 between the two somewhat flexible rami of the lower jaw and 

 reaching posteriorly some way down the neck ; wings long but the 

 secondaries as long as the primaries ; tail very short, of twenty- 

 two or twenty-four feathers, slightly cuneate ; tarsus shorter than 

 the middle toe, reticulated and sharply ridged posteriorly ; toes 

 fully webbed, the claw of the middle toe pectinated. 



About eleven species of Pelicans are generally recognised, spread 

 over the tropical and temperate regions of both hemispheres. 

 Three of them have been recorded from Africa and two from South 

 Africa. 



Key of the. Species. 



A. Feathers of the forehead terminating in a for- 



wardly directed point ; general colour white 



tinged with rosy pink P. roseus, p. 25. 



B. Feathers of the forehead terminating in a concave 



line at the base of the culmen, only the middle 



of the back washed with pink P. rufescens, p. 27. 



//t6/, /2.^t <? <vrv 4j&) 



574. Pelecanus roseus. Eastern White Pelican. 



Pelecanus roseus, Gmel, Syst. Nat. i, p. 570 (1788) ; Grant, Cat. B. M. 



xxvi, p. 466 (1898) ; Eeichenow, Vog. Afr. i, p. 101 (1900). 

 Pelecanus minor, Riippell, Mus. Senck. ii, p. 185 (1837) ; Elliot, Proc. 



Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 580 ; Gurney, in Andersson's B. Damaral. p. 371 



(1872) ; Shelley, B. Afr. i, p. 161 (1896). 

 Pelecanus rnitratus, Licht., Abh. Akad. Berl. 1838, p. 436, pi. iii, fig. 2 



(1838) ; Grill, K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. ii, no. 10, p. 56 (1858) ; 



Gurney, Ibis, 1861, p. 135 [Natal] ; P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 



266 [fig. head], Holub & Pelzeln, Orn. Sild-Afr. p. 343 (1882); 



Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 776 (1884) ; Fleck, Journ. Ornith. 



1894, p. 380 ; Woodward Bros., Ibis, 1900, p. 524. 

 Pelecanus sp., Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 338. 

 Pelecanus onocrotalus (nee Linn.} Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 381 (1867) ; 



Bryden, Gun and Camera, p. 401 (with sketch) (1893) ; id. Nature 



and Sport, p. I (1897) ; Alexander, Ibis, 1900, p. 442. 



Description. Adult Male. General colour white tinged with 

 rosy-pink ; primary coverts and primaries black, the latter with white 

 shafts ; secondaries varying from ashy-black at first to ashy- white 

 \vithin ; breast-patch pale yellow ; a very slight occipital crest of 

 narrow lanceolate feathers ; tail of twenty-two feathers (sometimes 

 twenty-four). 



