CHARADRIIDJE ARENARIA 343 



wings long and pointed, first primary the longest, reaching to ihe 

 tip of the tail when the wings are closed; tail of twelve feathers, 

 very slightly rounded; tarsus about the length of the middle toe 

 and claw with a few transverse scutes in front, on the sides and 

 posteriorly covered with reticulate scales ; hind toe present ; no web 

 between the anterior toes. 



Two species of this genus are generally recognised, one confined 

 to Western and North-western America, the other practically cos- 

 mopolitan and here described. 



FIG. 110. Left foot of Arenaria interpres. x \\, 



715. Arenaria interpres. Turnstone. 



Tringa interpres, Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i, p. 248 (1766). 



Strepsilas interpres, Gurney, Ibis, 1864, p. 355 [Natal] ; Dresser, B. 



Ear. vii, p. 555, pi. 532 (1875) ; Sliarpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 



671 (1884); Seeboltm, Geogr. Distr. Charadr. p. 410, with fig. (1888). 

 Cinclus interpres, Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 301 (1867) ; Giirney, in 



Andersson's B. Damaral. p. 276 (1872). 

 Arenaria interpres, Sliarpe, Cat. B. M. xxiv, p. 92 (1896) ; Shelley, 



B. Afr. i, p. 190 (1896); Beichenoiu, Vog. Afr. i, p. 142 (1900). 



Description. Male in non-breeding plumage. Above dark brown, 

 mottled and streaked with darker brown, most of the wing-coverts 

 tipped with white, forming a white wing bar, primaries and primary- 

 coverts black, the former with white shafts ; secondaries chiefly 

 white ; lower back and rump and the longer upper tail-coverts pure 

 white ; the shorter upper tail-coverts black, forming a band across 

 the lower back ; central tail-feathers black with white bases, outer 

 feathers with more white, the outer ones completely white ; sides of 



