STRUTHIONID^: STBUTHIO 525 



Ostriches are found throughout the greater part of Africa south 

 "of the Atlas Mountains, though absent from the great West African 

 forest districts, the Congo basin and Nyasaland. They are also 

 found in Arabia and Syria, and may still extend as far east as 

 Persia and Turkestan. Fossil remains of representatives "of the 

 genus have been found in the pliocene or late tertiary beds of 

 the Siwaliks of North India, of Southern Kussia and the Island 

 of Samos. 



814. Struthio australis. Southern Ostrich. 



Struthio camelus, (nee Linn.} Grill, K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. ii, 

 no. 10, p. 55 ; Tristram, Ibis, 1860, p. 74 ; P. L. Sclater, Trans. Zool, 

 Soc. iv, p. 354 (1862) ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 281 (1867) ; Finsch <6 

 Hartl. Vogel Ost-Afr. p. 597 (1870) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 368 

 [Mashonaland] ; Holub & Pelzeln, Orn. Siid-Afr. p. 195 (1882) ; 

 Sutler, Feilden and Reid, Zool. 1882, p. 339. 



Struthio australis, Gurney, Ibis, 1868, p. 253; id. in Andersson' s B. 

 Damaral. p. 251 (1872) ; Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 391 ; Gurney, Ibis, 

 1884, p. 465 ; Sharpe, ed, Laijard's B. S. Afr. p. 791 (1884) ; Fleck, 

 Journ. Ornith. 1894, p. 379; Salvadori, Cat. B. M. xxvii, p. 575 

 (1895) ; Cronwright Schreiner, Zool. 1897, p. 97 with plate ; Shelley, 

 B. Afr. i, p. 196 (1896) ; Mashall, Ibis, 1900 p. 269 ; Eeichenoiv, 

 Vog. Afr. i, p. 12 (1900) ; Gates, Cat, B. Eggs, i, p. 3 (1901). 



Other references are \-Kolben, Cape of Good Hope, Engl. ed., ii, p. 146 

 (1731) ; Sparrman, Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, English 4to 

 ed., ii, pp. 120-5 (1785) ; Lichtenstein, Travels in S. Africa, English 

 ed. i, p. 110, ii, pp. 25-8, 209 (1812-15) ; Burchell, Travels, i, pp. 203, 

 244, 279 (1822) ; Gordon Gumming, Five Years of Hunters' Life, 

 new ed. i, pp. 75, 113 (1855) ; Andersson, Lake Ngami, p. 253, pi. vii, 

 (1856) ; Hall, Cape Monthly Mag. i, p. 172 (1857) ; Livingstone, 

 Missionary Travels, p. 153 (1857) ; Dnimmond, Large Game, pp. 

 407, 427 (1875) ; Andersson, Notes on Travels, p. 59 (1875) ; Mosenthal 

 and Harting, Ostriches and Ostrich Farming, pp. 9-54 (1877) ; 

 Douglas, Ostrich Farming ^in South Africa (1881); Nicolls and 

 Eglington, Sportsman in S. Afr. p. 131 (1892) ; Neivton, Diet. Birds, 

 p. 662 (1894) ; Nolte, Journ. Ornith, 1895, pp. 44-79; Kirby, Haunts 

 Wild Game, p. 559 (1896). 



" Struis-vogel " of the Dutch ; " Inciniba " of the Amaxosa (Stanford) ; 

 "Intye" of the Zulus (Drummond) ; " Nche " of the Bechuanas 

 (Nicolls and Eglington). 



Description. Adult male. Plumage, which only covers the 

 lower half of the neck and the upper portion of the body, jet 

 black, except for the primary quills of the wings, which are white, 

 and the rectrices, which are white or pale fawn coloured. 



