36 Action of Normal Haemolysins 



corpuscles, Friedenthal found rabbit serum to rapidly haemolyse the 

 corpuscles of the horse, pig, ox, monkey and man, whereas it exerted no 

 effect on hare's corpuscles. Other observers, experimenting with washed 

 corpuscles, state that rabbit serum does not haemolyse the corpuscles of 

 the cat (London, 1902, p. 56), that its action is very variable upon the 

 corpuscles of the guinea-pig (Ehrlich and Morgenroth, 1899, n, p. 13 

 repr.), and only slight upon dog's corpuscles (Flexner and Noguchi, 1902). 



Guinea-pig Serum: Experiments in vitro, made apparently under 

 comparable conditions with washed corpuscles, have shown guinea-pig 

 serum to exert practically no haemolytic action on rabbit corpuscles 

 (Bordet.x. 1898, p. 692 ; Flexner and Noguchi, 1902); to rapidly haemo- 

 lyse those of the rat and mouse (Bordet, 1898); to haemolyse those of the 

 hedgehog (Friedenthal, 1900); and to exert a feeble action on the 

 amoeboid cells of the crayfish (Szczawinski, 28, xi. 1902), the artificial 

 haemolysin acted more powerfully. 



Rat Serum : Injections of rat blood into mice and vice versa are not 

 injurious (Friedenthal, 1900). Metalnikoff (18, iv. 1901, p. 532) ex- 

 perimenting with the serum of the white rat found that it did not 

 haemolyse nor agglutinate the corpuscles of the horse. I have not 

 found further data with regard to the action of these sera. 



Ungulata. 



Pig Serum: The haemolytic action of pig serum upon human 

 corpuscles was already observed by Landois in transfusion experiments 

 upon man. Friedenthal (1900) also found it to haemolyse the corpuscles 

 of the ox, horse, dog, cat and rabbit, besides those of man. 



Uhlenhuth (1897) found 12 c.c. of pig serum to be fatal to 1 kilo of 

 rabbit when injected intravenously; he cites Weiss (1896) as having 

 found 35 c.c. to be the fatal dose for rabbits (subcutaneous injection?). 

 Pig serum produced infiltration and necrosis when subcutaneously 

 injected into guinea-pigs. 



Ox Serum was found to be injurious to man in the transfusion 

 experiments of Landois, because it haemolysed human corpuscles. 

 Friedenthal found it to haemolyse the corpuscles of the pig, horse, 

 rabbit, dog, cat, and also man. The lethal dose by intravenous injection 

 in rabbits was found to be 6 c.c. per kilo of rabbit by Uhlenhuth. 

 According to Rumno and Bordoni, and Weiss (1896), the lethal dose of 

 ox serum is 8 c.c., whilst Guinard and Dunarest give 9 c.c. as fatal for 

 rabbits, these authors being cited by Uhlenhuth. Friedenthal and Lewan- 



