Effects on different Albumins 105 



the blood 1 . Ide (1, iv.) and his pupil Leblanc (31, v. 1901, p. 355) state 

 that rabbits treated with chemically pure albumin derived from cows' 

 milk formed antisera which possessed a different character, depending 

 upon which albumin of the same species had been used for the treat- 

 ment of the animals. They go so far as to consider that there are 

 specific antibodies not only for each cell-species but also for as many 

 albumins as the cell may contain. According to Ide the agglutinins 

 represent easily precipitated albuminous bodies, the antitoxins being 

 less precipitable. Leblanc (loc. cit.) treated rabbits with ox serum, 

 pseudoglobulin, and albumin. He states that the antisera produced 

 a reaction with ox, but not with sheep, horse, pig, guinea-pig and pigeon 

 sera. Anti-pseudoglobulin for ox, precipitated ox pseudoglobulin solu- 

 tions but not those of euglobulin and serum albumin. Antiserum for 

 serum-albumin precipitated its homologous substance but not pseudo- 

 globulin. Anti-ox serum had no effect on lactalbumin. Anti-ox haemo- 

 globin precipitated the haemoglobin of the ox. In other words, the 

 different antisera possessed a high degree of specificity for the different 

 albumins of the same species of animal. 



Nuttall (v. and vn. 1901) showed that anti-human serum caused 

 reactions with human pleuritic exudate, the fluid from blisters, and to 

 a slight extent with nasal, and lachrymal secretions 2 and a faint clouding 

 even with normal urine. Anti-human serum was produced in rabbits not 

 only by serum but also by old pleuritic exudate of man, preserved as 

 long as 5 6 months with chloroform. Schiitze (22, XI. 1901, p. 492) 

 treated rabbits with human muscle albumin producing an antiserum 

 which he states precipitated homologous substance, but not human 

 albuminous urine. Levene (21, xn. 1901) immunified rabbits with 

 milk and found the antiserum to precipitate milk, casein, milk albumin, 

 and ox serum, a result contrary to Leblanc's. This same antiserum 

 failed to act on fowl egg-white, egg-albumin, egg-globulin, fowl serum 

 and sheep haemoglobulin. Linossier and Lemoine (25, I. 1902) found 

 they could not distinguish albumin in urine by precipitins, as claimed 

 by Leclainche and Vallee (loc. cit.). Halban and Landsteiner (25, ill. 1902, 

 p. 475) treated rabbits with injections of ox spermatozoa, obtaining 

 (spermotoxic) antiserum, which precipitated not only saline extract of 

 spermatozoa but also ox serum dilutions. Linossier and Lemoine 

 (28, III. 1902) found haematosera to also act on other albuminous fluids 



1 See a short paper by Aschoff (6, ix. 1902) on this subject. 



2 Confirmed by Biondi (190:2, p. 21), who also obtained reactions with milk, vaginal 

 secretion, etc. 



