Anti- Human Serum 161 



reacting in each case is given, the intensity of reaction being indicated 

 by signs, as follows : 



No reaction 

 , Faint clouding 

 x Medium clouding 



+ Marked clouding 

 + Full reaction 



The number of full reactions obtained is indicated by the numbers 

 printed in black type. Although in some cases the number of bloods 

 examined has been small, it has been thought best to introduce the 

 percentages of reactions under each class, as the numbers alone convey 

 no clear impression to the mind as to the relative frequency of reactions. 

 Percentages are frequently given alongside each class of reaction. The 

 percentages of positive reactions " all told," including the faintest, are 

 given on the right-hand margin of the tables'. 



I. Antisera for bloods of Primates. 



(1) Tests with Anti- Human Serum. 



Before proceeding to give the results of my own tests with this 

 antiserum I shall briefly summarize what has been done by different 

 workers who have used anti-human serum in making various tests. It 

 may seem somewhat pedantic to give the exact day on which the 

 authors, cited in the following pages, published their papers ; my object 

 in doing so is to dispose of certain claims to priority which have been 

 made in various quarters. I wish to accentuate the fact that no new 

 principle was discovered when an antiserum for human blood was found. 

 The antisera for eel, fowl, horse, etc. had been found by Tchistovitch and 

 Bordet, and the whole impulse given to work in this line undoubtedly 

 emanates from them. Their papers were most suggestive, and it was 

 quite natural, in reading them, that many should be seized by the same 

 idea as to the possible applications of the methods they had pointed out. 

 This was the more natural in view of the knowledge previously gained 

 with regard to other classes of antibodies. 



Leclainche and Vallee (25, I. 1901) injecting human albuminous 

 urine into rabbits, found that they obtained an antiserum which pre- 

 cipitated albuminous urine, and pleuritic exudation, but not serum 

 dilutions of man. This antiserum did not produce a reaction with 

 albuminous urines of the horse and cow. 



1 I am indebted to Dr Graham-Smith for kindly calculating the percentages given in 

 the succeeding tables. The percentages are given in round numbers, fractions of percent- 

 ages being only included in the totals at the right-hand margins of the tables. 



N. 11 



