Anti-Ox Serum 189 



a later paper (21, xi. 1901) I stated that the tests conducted both 

 with anti-ox and anti-sheep sera had "given reactions, which indicate 

 the existence of a 'blood relationship' between certain of the true 

 ruminants," positive reactions having further been obtained with the 

 bloods of the deer, antelope and gnu. The bloods of the Tragulidae and 

 Camclidae (20, i. 1902) gave no indication of relationship with the true 

 ruminants. Subsequently I found what appeared to be differences in 

 the degree of the reaction, the antisera for ox and sheep acting " to 

 a greater degree upon the bloods of more closely allied species" 

 (5, iv. 1902). 



In the meantime Uhlenhuth (25, vn. 1901) tested 24 bloods (see 

 his list on page 172) with this antiserum, and found it to give much 

 precipitum with ox blood, and a small precipitum with the bloods of 

 the goat and sheep. Farnum (28, xn. 1901), in America, treated 

 rabbits with the semen of the bull and found the antiserum thus ob- 

 tained to act upon homologous solutions, not upon those of goat semen. 



Michaelis and Oppenheimer (1902, p. 342) found anti-ox serum to 

 act on ox and on sheep blood, not on that of the horse. Michaelis 

 (9, x. 1902, p. 734), states that this antiserum acts very much less upon 

 sheep blood than upon that of the ox. Kister and Wolff (18, xi. 1902, 

 p. 422) publish results which certainly suggest some experimental error, 

 probably, as Uhlenhuth suggests, the use of " milky antisera " (see p. 72). 

 Correctly enough, according to the results above cited, deposits were 

 found to occur upon the addition of this antiserum to ox and sheep 

 blood, but they found a greater reaction with human blood than with 

 that of the pig and horse. 



790 Tests with Anti-Ox Serum. 



Four different antisera were used in the following tests, all being 

 obtained from rabbits injected with the serum of the ox. The antisera 

 were fairly powerful, one of them, when standardized, giving a precipitum 

 of -Oil c.c. 



The larger reactions are limited here to the bloods of the Bovidae, 

 the second-class and weaker reactions being about equally divided 

 amongst the Bovidae and Cervidae, medium cloudings occurred in 

 a horse, a pig, and a whale blood and in a few Primates (ll/o) an d 

 Carnivora (4%). All three of the cetacean bloods gave some reaction. 

 Two of the four cervine bloods sent from India, which gave no reaction, 

 should be excluded. 



