Conclusions 407 



case where they contained egg-white. The use of such antisera is there- 

 fore suggested where it is desired to prove the presence of egg-white in 

 prepared foods. 



von Rigler (1902) treated rabbits with honey, in the manner em- 

 ployed when they are immunified with blood. The anti-honey serum 

 only produced precipitation in dilutions of honey, not in those of grape- 

 or cane-sugar. Normal rabbit serum had no such effect. 



5. Antisera in the Study of Urine. 



In the part referring to precipitins and precipitable substances 

 in corpore, I referred to observations on the urine (see p. 133), which I 

 shall not recapitulate. It is obvious that the precipitins may be put 

 to use in the study of assimilation. I would state here that M. Ascoli 

 (11. in. '02) succeeded by means of antiserum for egg-white, in 

 demonstrating the existence of apparently unaltered egg-white in the 

 urine of persons showing albuminuria in consequence of excessive al- 

 buminous diet. Linossier and Lemoine (18. iv. '02) made observations 

 on a young man suffering from orthostatic albuminuria, evidently due 

 to malassimilation, the albumen being derived from non-assimilated 

 food. On giving him cow's milk, traces thereof were found in his urine 

 by means of lactoserum for cow's milk. 



Conclusions. 



In view of the mass of material treated of in this book, it is difficult 

 to draw any detailed conclusions. It has been shown that there are 

 many points of resemblance between the different antibodies. The 

 little work which has been done with the haemolysins bears directly upon 

 the immediate subject of this book, namely, the blood-relationship 

 amongst animals, but it is scarcely to be expected, owing to technical 

 difficulties, that the haemolysins will be of such general use in the study 

 of the problem. 



With regard to the precipitins, it is evident that more scientific 

 methods of treating animals for the production of antisera are called for. 

 Powerful antisera may, however, be produced by intravenous injections 

 of much smaller quantities of serum than have hitherto been used. Care 

 should be exercised with regard to the addition of preservatives to anti- 

 sera, and in the use of solvents other than salt solution for the extraction 

 of dried bloods. 



