TRAINING 73 



maintaining the mobility of the lower jaw and the 

 flexion of the neck with the hands, while the whip, 

 touching the near flank, brings the hind legs under and 

 keeps up the impulsion ; the reins held as before, 

 simply meet the impulsion sent forward by the whip, 

 and in no way pull at the horse's mouth. The trainer 

 next causes the horse to rein back a few paces by 

 touching him low down and well back on the flank 

 with the whip, and closing the fingers on the reins ; he 

 should then move the horse forward and enthusiasti- 

 cally pat him. 



Having rested his horse, the trainer, standing close 

 to the near shoulder, collects him and moves the 

 quarters round the forehand by touching him on the 

 flank and hind quarters with the whip, while the right 

 hand also draws the right rein against the neck so as 

 to carry the weight on to the near fore leg, and the left 

 hand checks any forward movement. At first we 

 must be content with a circle on tAVO lines, as it takes 

 time for a horse to learn to keep the near fore foot 

 stationary and to use it as a pivot. If the horse refuses 

 to yield his quarters, the left hand pulls his head to that 

 side, and by opposing the shoulders forces him to move 

 his quarters to the right. 



This exercise is followed by moving the shoulders 

 round the hind quarters ; the trainer, standing close to 

 the near shoulder, raises the horse's head with the nose 

 turned up to the left with the left hand so as to throw 

 the weight back on to the off hind leg, and then moves 

 to the right, while the whip held against the near 

 quarter prevents by taps any movement to the left of 

 the off hind leg which acts as pivot on which the fore 

 hand moves round to the right. The trainer must be 

 careful to keep up the forward impulsion and prevent 



