74 ANGLO-FRENCH HORSEMANSHIP 



the horse from backing while moving round ; the 

 pivotal leg can move slightly forward and to the side 

 of the turn. 



In both these exercises the movement should be 

 made to both hands, and when this has been done, 

 movements on two lines across the school can easily 

 be taught. The "trainer now changes the whip for the 

 spur-stick, and repeats the exercises, applying the spur 

 rowel near the girth to produce the mobility of the 

 lower jaw, and further back for side and circular 

 movements, the whip applied bj^ an assistant explaining 

 the indications of the spur when necessary. 



Finally, all the movements should be carried out 

 with the ordinary riding cane, which should be applied 

 as near as possible to the place where the leg would 

 press the side. 



An ambitious horseman who has thoroughly trained 

 his horse on foot and mounted in the ordinary school 

 movements, can teach the Spanish walk, Piaffer and 

 Passage on foot. 



He commences by teaching his horse to raise each 

 of his legs ; the fore legs by tapping them at the back 

 of the fetlock joint, or in front on the cannon bone or 

 forearm ; the hind legs by tapping them just below the 

 hocks in front. 



For the Spanish walk he leads the horse forward 

 " in hand " and taps the legs alternately as they leave 

 the ground, being satisfied at first with two or three 

 steps. 



The Piaffer is taught by tapping just over the hip 

 bone with the whip, held in the right hand with the 

 right rein : the hand being placed about half way down 

 the shoulder ; while the left hand, held somewhat low 

 so as to relieve the quarters of weight, restrains any 



