126 HORSE-BACK RIDING. 



at no later period than the 25th Olympiad, remark- 

 able for the victory of the Theban Pagondas. The 

 Greeks never drove four horses in the modern 

 fashion, two and two, but all abreast. The middle 

 horses, called Jugalcs, were usually those esteemed 

 the poorest ; the best^ styled fiinalcs or lorarii, were 

 placed outside, and special care was taken that the 

 horse on the left should be one thoroughly trained. 

 To a certain extent, this horse directed the move- 

 ments of the others, as it was necessary to turn to 

 the left in making the circuit of the goal. 



Nestor, exhorting his son, Antilochus, to make 

 every effort to obtain the prize offered by Achilles, 

 addressed him thus : " Approach as near as possible 

 to the goal ; to obtain this result, leaning forward on 

 your chariot, gain the left of your rivals, and inciting 

 the horse beyond your hand, give him loosened reins, 

 while the horse under your hand will pass so close to 

 the goal that it will seem as if the nave of your 

 wheel grazed it in doubling." 



The place of meeting for both horses and cha- 

 riots, which the Latins called carccrcs, w^as an ex- 

 tensive inclosure immediately in front of the race- 

 course. 



The race-course had also its separate inclosure, de- 

 noted in Greek by the word balbis or itsplcgx, in 

 Latin by clcmstriini or rcpaguliun. Pausanias de- 

 scribes the whole portion of ground allotted to the 

 games, with all its different divisions, as follows ; 



