14 PLANTS 



XI. Fruits 



76. Simple fruits; dry, dehiscent. 



(a) A follicle (milkweed). 



(b) A legume (bean). 



(c) A pod (Yucca). 



77. Simple fruits; dry, indehiscent. 



(a) A samara (maple). 



(b) An achene (sunflower). 



(c) A caryopsis (wheat). 



(d) A nut (oak). 



78. Simple fruits, fleshy: 



(a) A drupe (plum). 



(b) A pome (apple). 



(c) A berry (cranberry, persimmon). 



79. Aggregate fruits (Magnolia). 



80. Multiple fruits (pineapple). 



XII. Classes of Plants 



For distinguishing characters see pages 71 ff. and loi ff. 



81. Dicotyledons. — Make a list of at least ten common dicotyledonous 

 plants. 



82. Monocotyledons. — Make a list of at least ten common mono- 

 cotyledonous plants. 



83. Gymnospermae. — Make a list of all the kinds of Gymnosperms grow- 

 ing in your vicinity. 



84. Pteridophytes. — Dig up a fern with all the roots and wash away the 

 soil. Draw to show roots, rootstock and leaves. Study the under 

 surface of a fruiting frond with the lens. 



85. Bryophytes. — Musci — Collect a number of kinds of moss. Find 

 plants with and without a spore capsule but otherwise alike. Draw 

 both kinds. 



86. Bryophytes. — Hepaticae — Collect and study liverworts as in 85. 



87. Lichenes. — Collect several kinds of lichens. 



88. Algae. — Collect several kinds of algae. 



89. Fungi. — Collect one or more kinds of each of the following fungi: 



(a) Mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, rusts and smuts. 



(b) Mildews, blue and green molds and black fungi. 



(c) Water molds and black molds. 



