122 ANIMALS 



(1) In an anterior view of the head show the compound eyes, ocelli, 

 antenna}. Raise the labrum to expose the mandibles. 

 (m) Compare Schistocerca with Cambarus. 

 (n) Study a wasp as above i — 1. 

 98. Vertebrata: 



(a) Draw a dorsal view of a fish (Perca) to show type of symmetry. 

 Label as in b. 



(b) In a lateral view note: 



1. Head with mouth, nostrils, eyes (eyelids?), ears (?), operculum. 



2. Body with dorsal and anal fins (count the number of spines 

 and soft rays) and paired pectoral and pelvic fins. The 

 lateral line. 



3. Tail and tail fin. 



(c) Note the arrangement of the scales. Remove some and study 

 with the lens. 



(d) Study the texture of the skin. 



(e) In a specimen from which the operculum has been removed 

 study the gills. Note the gill arches and the gill rakers and 

 the gills. Compare this respiratory system with that of the 

 crawfish. 



(f) In a median longitudinal section of the lamprey (Petromyzon) 

 note especially the notochord, also the brain and spinal cord, 

 the mouth, pharynx and gill slits, oesophagus, stomach (?), 

 intestine, liver, heart, kidney, gonad and gonoduct. 



(g) In a lateral view of the entire skeleton of any mammal show: 



1. Skull and mandible. 



2. Spinal column divided into cervical, dorsal, lumbar, sacral 

 and caudal regions. Count the number of vertebrae in each 

 region. 



3. Ribs (number?) and sternum. 



4. Girdles. 



A. The pectoral girdle consisting of a scapula and a clavicle 



on each side. 

 P. The pelvic girdle consisting of ilium, pubis and ischium 



on each side. 



5. The appendages: 



A. Humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges 



(how many?) digits (how many?). 

 P. Femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges 



(how many?) digits (how many?). 



