90 ANIMAL-SENTIENT FORCES. [i. 



foreseeings, also imperfect external sensations (148), internal 

 sensations^ pleasure or pain, desires, aversions, instincts, emo- 

 tions, and ideas of the understanding, in so far as they are 

 mixed up with sensational conceptions, or are pleasing or 

 painful (330, &c.), and the desires and aversions of the will, 

 have a manifold influence on some muscles, as experience 

 teaches, and the domain of the animal- sentient forces is con- 

 sequently very general in the muscular system. 



iv. The more energetic the impressions of all these concep- 

 tions are, the more energetic are the movements which they 

 can produce in the muscles (133). 



V. When these movements are caused by conceptions wholly 

 spontaneous, as for example, by volitions, the principle of their 

 sequence must be sought for in the laws of the conceptive 

 faculty (110). On the other hand, the muscular actions pro- 

 duced by sensational conceptions are known to us, partly 

 through the sequence of external sensations and their external 

 impressions. 



VI. The sentient actions of the muscular system may be 

 prevented in the same modes as all other sentient actions ex- 

 cited through the nerves (136 — 139). 



166. The muscular action excited by animal-sentient forces, 

 represents the thoughts as it were by external delineations, 

 especially in the face, by which their existence may be dis- 

 covered ; and by a frequent repetition of these movements, in 

 consequence of vivid and oft-repeated conceptions, certain 

 marks are necessarily traced in the skin covering and surround- 

 ing the muscles. Hence arises the art of discovering the modes 

 of thought, and the predominant mental characteristics of men, 

 from the lineaments of the face, termed Physiognomy. 



167. The nerves may have an influence on the blood-vessels, 

 on the secretions, and on the whole circulation, in various 

 ways. In the first place, through the heart, a compound hollow 

 muscle, throughout which nerves from various sources are dis- 

 tributed as in other muscles (161). These nerves, like all others, 

 can receive external impressions, since an animal feels when the 

 heart is pricked or irritated (32). They consequently transmit 

 external impressions in Such cases to the brain, and produce 

 therein at their origin external sensations (34, 25), or cerebral 

 impressions (129). When there is no impediment, these 



