130 ANIMAL-SENTIENT FORCES. [i. 



appropriate to them to almost as perfect functions as when 

 they act normally (257), is manifest from various facts. In 

 lascivious feelings, an emission not unfrequently takes place; 

 when we lament for a deceased friend, he so often appears 

 before our eyes, that we believe we see him, speak with him, 

 embrace him ; when afraid of ghosts, an individual is often in 

 the same condition as if a ghost had actually appeared, &c. 



iii. It is equally a general and undoubted observation, that 

 in all the instincts and emotions, as well as in all the desires and 

 aversions, the vital movements of the organism (the respiratory 

 and cardiac movements) are modified. And this change is the 

 greater, the more powerfully the instincts and emotions operate. 



iv. That this change in the agreeable instincts and emotions, 

 is in accordance with nature and with healthy action, or con- 

 natural, and in the disagreeable is opposed thereto, or contra- 

 natural is established by universal experience (Haller^s ' Phy- 

 siology,^ § 565). 



V. Lastly, that those sensational instincts and emotions, 

 whose objects are true external sensations (258), cannot be 

 satisfied without the adjunct of the external impression, is 

 proved by all the pleasures of the senses. The satisfaction 

 of the instincts and emotions must not, however, be con- 

 founded with their enfeebling. {Vide § 95.) 



Actions of the Sensational Instincts in the Mechanical Machines 

 through the Nerves. 



262. The sensational^ instincts in particular may be arranged 

 under four heads : 



i. Strong desires which arise from obscure sensational stimuli, 

 and whose object is our preservation and well-being. This is 

 the instinct of self-preservation. 



ii. Powerful aversions, which arise from obscure sensational 



1 The word sinnlich is here translated sensational, for want of a better term ; but 

 the reader will please to remember the special meaning attached to the word {vide 

 notes, §§ 31, 66). It is obvious from the context (§§ 263 — 269) that these instincts 

 are not sensational, because sensation is the cause oiihe instinctive acts, but because 

 sensation accompanies the cause, namely, the external senselike impressions. With 

 this understanding, that the word sensational does not indicate the cause of the 

 instincts, but simply a certain condition of the cause, — it may be properly used 

 here. — Ed. 



