166 ANIMAL^SENTIENT FORCES. [i. 



directs by sensational volitions towards the objects of the 

 instinct, but it is prevented applying them in any other way 

 than in advancing the sensational pleasure, and in attaining 

 the object of the instinct, by the general instinct for enjoyment 

 (280), by the power of the spell of the instinct (263), and by 

 the close dependence of all complex sensational desires and 

 aversions, particularly of the emotional instincts (298), upon 

 the sensational faculty (Sinnlichkeit) (89). By these views we 

 can explain, why all animals, endowed though they be with 

 sensational volition and with free-will, when in circumstances to 

 encourage, excite, increase, or ennoble certain morally good 

 emotional instincts, or to avoid, repress, diminish, or counteract 

 the morally evil, have a natural infirmity to lean to the side of 

 instinct, and not to deduce from its morality any motives for 

 their voluntary conduct. 



Actions of the Passions through the Nerves in the 

 Mechanical Machines. 



305. The primary passions arise from pure but still con- 

 fused sensational stimuli, of which we are conscious, and not 

 from instincts (91). They are free from the powerful impulse 

 of the latter, or, at least, more free than the emotional instincts ; 

 and constitute, therefore, an entirely different class of desires, 

 more volitional, and less under the control of the sensational 

 faculty, although always sensational, and only half spontaneous 

 conceptions (27, 66, 89). The direct sentient actions of these 

 desires, and their general laws, have been already laid down 

 (255, 261). The incidental are in all respects analogous to 

 the incidental conceptions in the instincts, and subject to 

 the same laws (273). The desires and subordinate conceptions, 

 which are spontaneous, volitional, and incidental, influence the 

 passions more, either in strengthening or restraining them, 

 according to the pleasure of the animal, although they seldom 

 act in any other way than that most favorable to the instinct 

 of self-love (304). It is, therefore, only necessary here, to 

 distinguish the sentient actions peculiar to each passion ; and 

 we will limit our inquiry to the principal of them. 



306. Every agreeable passion {joy^ § 259), is a strong desire 

 arising from confused sensational incitements (91, 94), developed 



