CH. III.] ACTIONS OF THE DISTRESSING PASSIONS. 173 



occupy tlie memory ; cheerful society, travelling, excitement, 

 wine, &c., are all beneficial. 



322. Anger and revenge, are depressing passions, we being 

 undoubtedly conscious of their stimuli ; they are therefore to 

 be distinguished from the general instinct of self-defence, and 

 from the war-instinct in particular (309, 301). They are 

 developed according to the general laws previously stated 

 (94), and their sentient actions are composed of those of a 

 sensational unpleasant feeling, and of a sensational confused 

 foreseeing (257, 258). 



323. The actions of suffering [Unlust] in these, as in 

 all the depressing passions, are contra-natural and violent 

 (259) ; but they differ generally in this, that they attain a 

 greater degree of intensity, while the action of the heart 

 differs from that of anxiety and terror, in being characterised 

 by a continuous frequency and violence of movement. In 

 anger and revenge, the blood is impelled into the smallest 

 capillaries, so that those which seldom carry red blood are 

 injected, and hence redness of the face, increased temperature 

 of the whole body, haemorrhages, a full pulse, rapid and violent 

 breathing and panting, livid lips, and analogous phenomena. 

 Both passions are highly injurious to health, and sometimes 

 fatal, as experience shows. In virtue of the general connection 

 of the physical, mechanical, and animal forces of the body, there 

 arise also from this great disturbance of the vital movements, a 

 profuse perspiration, an immoderate agitation of the blood, 

 suffocative catarrh, inflammations of the viscera and of the 

 skin (roseola), apoplectic seizures from rupture of the cerebral 

 vessels, delirium from inflammation, particularly of the brain, 

 violent fevers, &c. On the other hand, diseases, particularly 

 those of the chronic land, and visceral obstructions have been 

 cured by these emotions (259). 



324. The sentient actions of the foreseeings in these pas- 

 sions, and their subordinate conceptions, instincts, and emo- 

 tions, may have an equally injurious or beneficial influence on 

 health and life, since the greater proportion are of equal inten- 

 sity (259). In general, revenge is combined with anger as a 

 secondary passion, yet as it is usually an instinctive emotion 

 conjoined with the instinct of self-defence (301), and inasmuch 

 as in this case it is a violent desire excited by anger, to inflict 



