174 ANIMAL-SENTIENT FORCES. [i. 



injury on the offending person (309), and, consequently, to 

 make use of the means most suitable to this end, it follows 

 that these efforts commingle with those of the foreseeing in 

 anger, and the actions of the two commingle with each other, 

 independently of those of many other subordinate conceptions. 

 The angry individual acts, therefore, as he would if inflicting 

 revenge : he strains all the organs subservient to self-defence 

 and combat, particularly the hands, arms, tongue, voice, often 

 as if really in conflict with his enemy; so that convulsions, 

 tetanus, and paralysis, or even epileptic paroxysms, may result. 

 As the foreseeings differ in character, so also do the various 

 motions excited thereby, and offensive words, grimaces, gnash- 

 ing of the teeth, blows, &c., are excited. 



325. The special changes (316) produced in the animal 

 economy, by the sentient actions of anger and revenge, are an 

 increased secretion of bile, often hepatic inflammation, or such a 

 morbid state of the bile, that it sometimes inflames the stomach, 

 induces sometimes a malignant bilious fever; a peculiar poison- 

 ous state of the saliva is also induced, so that it is not only in- 

 jurious to the angry person who swallows it, but if mixed with 

 the blood, or applied to the nerves of another, poisons him, 

 exciting madness, or deranging the whole nervous system. 

 This peculiar and inexplicable influence of anger on the liver 

 and gall-bladder, the bile and the saliva, is observed also in the 

 war-instinct and revenge of many animals ; and when biting is 

 the means used for the satisfaction of the instinct, they have 

 either a special poisonous fluid, which is inserted into the 

 wound made by the bite, or their saliva is poisoned at each 

 outbreak of the instinct, as stated above. Hence arise the 

 horrible consequences caused by the bite of enraged animals or 

 men ; for hydrophobia is nothing else than a disease, in which 

 the animal is excited to anger by very slight causes, and its 

 body is permanently in such a condition, that it may be excited 

 to the highest degree of rage and revenge. All kinds of anger, 

 — as vexation, hatred, envy, &c., — have a marked influence on 

 the liver and its secretion, whence jaundice, congestion of the 

 liver, bilious vomitings, and diarrhoea, &c., result. In many 

 animals and in men, the hair, and in birds the feathers, are 

 erected and bristle up in the instincts of war and anger. 



326. Since man himself has the war-instinct, exciting in 



