SECT. IV.] THE PROPER ANIMAL MOVEMENTS. 447 



offers, what has been observed during life in cases of this kind, 

 and having duly examined, after death, the cerebrum and 

 cerebellum, together with the remainder of the nervous system, 

 to make the facts public, with or without a suitable judg- 

 ment on the case. The distinguished Metzger has promised^ 

 to watch diligently for such observations, and has raised our 

 hopes, since much may be expected from his genius and 

 dexterity. 



It is, therefore, by no means improbable, that each division 

 of the intellect has its allotted organ in the brain, so that there 

 is one for the perceptions, another for the understanding, pro- 

 bably others also for the will, and imagination, and memory, 

 which act wonderfully in concert and mutually excite each other 

 to action. The organ of the imagination, however, amongst 

 the rest, will be far apart, I should think, from the organ of 

 perceptions, since the organ of perceptions being asleep and 

 at rest, the organ of the imaginations may be in action, a con- 

 dition which produces dreams. There is this peculiarity in 

 dreams, however, that the ideas represented are often very 

 absurd, and are continually combined and judged of erroneously, 

 and we are not convinced of their falsity and emptiness, until 

 all these phantasms are discovered to be false and corrected 

 by the waking up of the organ of the perceptions. 



SECTION IV. WHAT MOVEMENTS ARE PROPERLY TERMED ANIMAL? 



There are only two kinds of muscular action in the human 

 body, according to the cause which excites it ; the one kind 

 is termed voluntary or animal, because according as the mind 

 commands and wills, it may be excited, increased, diminished, 

 and arrested; the other involuntary, of which the mind is 

 either unconscious, or if conscious, the motion is performed 

 without its consent, and is excited only by a mechanical cor- 

 poreal stimulus applied to the nervous system, for which reason 

 it is also termed spontaneous and automatic. Nerves are 

 necessary to produce both kinds of movement.^ The nerves 

 do not act, however, without a stimulus, which is either pro- 

 duced by the mind willing, or, if unconscious and unwilling, by 



' Vermischte Medicinische Schriften, Iten Bandes, Seite 58. 

 * See Chap. II, § in, (6). 



