ALL 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



ALL 



petals of this species are purplish. It grows naturally in 

 Siberia, whence the seeds have been obtained with which 

 most botanic gardens are supplied. They are solely pre- 

 served for the sake of variety. 



10. Allium Roseum ; Rose Garlic. Umbel flat-topped ; 

 petals emarginate ; stamina very short, simple. Flowers 

 large, and of a dark purple colour, with white and very short 

 stamina. It grows naturally about Montpellier and in Pied- 

 mont, in the fields, olive-grounds, and vineyards. 



11. Allium Tartaricum; Tartarian Garlic. Umbel flat; 

 stamina simple ; leaves semi-cylindrical. This species rises 

 half a foot high, has a flat and white corolla, with filaments 

 shorter than the petals, and brown anthera?. Native of Si- 

 beria. 



** Stem-leaves flat; Umbel bulb-bearing. . 



12. Allium Sativum; Common Garlic. Bulb compound; 

 stamina three-cusped. It is said to be found wild in the 

 island of Sicily. It has many bulbs, commonly called cloves, 

 invested with a white skin ; the leaves are linear, long, and 

 narrow, like those of grass. This species is very heating and 

 penetrating, and should not be too freely used. A clove or 

 two of garlic, pounded with honey, and taken two or three 

 nights successively, is good in rheumatic cases. A quart of 

 water, poured boiling hot upon a pound of the fresh root, cut 

 into slices, and suffered to stand upon it in a close vessel for 

 twelve hours, will be strongly impregnated with the smell of 

 garlic, and it is this infusion, with a proper quantity of sugar, 

 which makes the Syrup of Garlic of the shops. Vinegar and 

 honey greatly improves this medicine as a detergent and re- 

 mover of obstructions in the breast : this composition is pre- 

 pared by infusing an ounce and half of the fresh root in half a 

 pint of vinegar, and dissolving in the strained liquor, when at 

 the heat of a water- bath, ten ounces of clarified honey; to cover 

 the ill smell of the garlic, a little carraway and sweet-fennel 

 seed bruised, of each two drachms, are boiled for a short 

 time in the vinegar, before the garlic is put in. The garlic 

 itself must on no account be boiled, as its essential oil, in 

 which its whole virtue consists, exhales during that process. 

 Besides the above syrup, which is an invaluable medicine for 

 asthmas, hoarseness, coughs, difficulty of breathing, and most 

 other disorders of the breast and lungs, it is sometimes ex- 

 ternally applied in ointments and lotions, to prevent or stop 

 putrefaction, and disperse hard swellings. When bruised, 

 and applied to the soles of the feet, in the low stages of acute 

 disorders, it raises the pulse and gives relief to the head. 

 The principal effects of garlic are, to warm and stimulate the 

 solids of the body, attenuate thick humours, and prevent pu- 

 trefaction, as above specified. Hence the use of it appears 

 very improper in hot bilious constitutions, where there is 

 already too great a degree of irritation, or where the juices 

 are thin and acrimonious, and the viscera unsound, in which 

 cases it is almost certain to occasion head-aches, flatulence, 

 thirst, and a variety of feverish symptoms. But on the other 

 hand, where the constitution is cold and phlegmatic, its use 

 is frequently attended with happy effects : when people of 

 this last description find themselves troubled with loss of 

 appetite, or with asthmatic complaints, or their stomach and 

 lungs oppressed with toUgh viscid phlegm, they will generally 

 find relief from the use of this plant. It is a powerful 

 strengthener, and promotes expectoration, removes obstruc- 

 tions of the viscera, increases the urinary evacuation, destroys 

 worms, and is serviceable in dropsies, by removing the water 

 which may be already collected, and preventing its future 

 accumulation. This species is a native of the East, but very 

 common in our gardens, where it flowers in the summer 

 months. Garlic is easily propagated by planting the cloves or 



small bulbs of the root in the spring, with a dibber or in drills, 

 in beds four feet wide, in rows six inches from each other, and 

 four or five inches distant in the rows, taking care to weed 

 them. The leaves should be tied in knots, in the begin- 

 ning of June, to prevent their spindling or running to seed, 

 which will greatly enlarge the bulb. Towards the end of 

 July, the leaves will begin to wither and decay, when the 

 roots should be taken up, cleaned, dried in the sun, tied in 

 bunches, and hung up in a dry room, where they will be 

 preserved from rotting, for winter use. 



13. Allium Scorodoprasum ; Rocambole. Stamina three- 

 cusped ; leaves crenulate ; sheaths two-edged. Found wild 

 in Sweden, Denmark, and Hungary. It has compound bulbs, 

 but the cloves are smaller than those of garlic. The stem 

 rises from two to three feet high, and bears many small bulbs 

 at top, which may be used as well as those of the root. Ro- 

 cambole may be propagated either by the roots or the bulbs 

 produced on the stalks : they should be planted in autumn, 

 especially on dry ground, otherwise their bulbs will not be 

 large. They are to be planted and prepared for use in the 

 same manner as garlic. 



14. Allium Arenarium; Sandy Garlic. Stamina three- 

 cusped ; sheaths columnar ; spathe awnless. This species 

 grows wild in Thuringia, Scania, Denmark, Switzerland, 

 Italy, and Westmoreland. It always grows in a sandy soil ; 

 the bulbs and flowers are blue, few in number, and the sta- 

 mina a little longer than the corolla. 



15. Allium Carinatum; Mountain Garlic. Stamina awl- 

 shaped ; spathe very long. The stem is four feet high ; the 

 outer petals are darker in colour than the inner ones, which 

 are yellow, with a line of green, but sometimes purple. The 

 bulb is simple, with very little of the garlic smell or taste. 

 It is found wild in Scania, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland : 

 also in Westmoreland, about Ramsgate, in the isle of Tha- 

 net, and between Sandwich and Deal. 



*** Stem-leaves columnar ; Umbel capsule- bearing. 



16. AlLum Sphffirocephalon ; Small Round-headed Garlic. 

 Stamina three-cusped, longer than the corolla; leaves semi- 

 columnar. Petals red with a darker keel ; filaments pur- 

 ple towards the top. Native of Italy, Germany, Switzer- 

 land, and Siberia. 



17. Allium Parviflorum ; Small-flowered Garlic. Umbel 

 globose ; stamina simple, longer than the corolla ; spathe 

 awl-shaped. Native of the south of Europe. 



18. Allium Descendens ; Purple-headed Garlic. Stamina 

 three-cusped, outer peduncles shorter. Two bulbs at the 

 origin of the stalk ; 'leaves fistulous, channelled above ; stalk 

 two feet high ; sheath quadrifid. It is a native of Italy and 

 Switzerland. 



19. Allium Moschatum ; Musk-smelling Garlic. Umbel 

 flat topped, mostly six-flowered; petals acute; stamina sim- 

 ple ; leaves setaceous. It seldom attains to a foot in height, 

 has a slender stem, and a dusky white corolla, with brown 

 lines, smelling like musk or civet. It grows wild in Pro- 

 vence, Narbonne, and Spain. , 



20. Allium Flavium ; Sulphur-coloured Garlic. Flowers 

 pendulous ; petals ovate ; stamina longer than the corolla. 

 A native of the south of France, Italy, and Austria. 



21. Allium Fallens ; Pale-flowered Garlic. Flowers pen- 

 dulous, truncated ; stamina simple, equalling the corolla. 

 This species is two feet high, with a white bell-shaped corolla. 

 It is a native of Italy, Spain, Montpellier, and Hungary. 



22. Allium Paniculatum ; Pdnicled Garlic. Peduncles ca- 

 pillary, spread out ; stamina awl-shaped ; spathe very long. 

 The leaves are awl-shaped and channelled; the flowers hantj 

 on" very long, loose, slender peduncles ; the petals are purple, 



