ALL 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



ALL 



obovate, the length of the stamina ; the spathe has a very 

 long awl-shaped point. Native of Italy, Austria, Switzer- 

 land, Carniola, Liberia, and the Levant. . 



23. Allium Vineale ; Crow Garlic. Stamina three-cusped. 

 The stem is two feet high. It is a native of Germany, 

 Switzerland, Italy, &c. With us it is frequent in pastures, 

 and communicates its rank taste to the milk and butter. In 

 other countries, it grows in vineyards and among corn. 



24. Allium Oleraceum ; Purple-striped Garlic. Stamina 

 simple ; leaves rough, semi-columnar, furrowed underneath. 

 The stem rises two or three feet high : very minute white 

 dots, scarcely visible to the naked eye, are scattered over the 

 whole plant. The smell and taste of the bulb is not strong, 

 the flowers are true bell-shaped ; the outer petals more acute, 

 with a green nerve and a blush of purple : inner broader, 

 more obtuse, whiter, and the nerve less prominent. Native 

 of Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. In England 

 it is found among the corn, in Westmoreland, Yorkshire, 

 near Bristol ; and in Essex, near Notley. 



25. Allium Pallasii ; Pallas s Garlic. Umbel difTorm ; 

 stamina simple, equalling the corolla ; style very snort. The 

 stem is round, a foot and half high, slender, and leafy, Sup- 

 posed to be a native of Sweden. 



****Leaves radical; Stem naked: 



26. Allium Nutans; Flat-stalked Garlic. Scape two- 

 edged : leaves linear, flat ; stamina three-cusped. This 

 species varies so much in differerent ages and soils, as 

 scarcely to be known. The cusps of the stamina are obli- 

 terated in old plants. Native of Siberia. 



27. .Allium Ascalonicum ; Shallot or Eschallote. Scape 

 columnar ; leaves awl-shaped ; umbel globose ; stamina three 

 cusped. This species rises from about seven to eight inches 

 high ; the petals are blue, with a dark keel; and the antheree 

 yellow. Hasselquist found it native in Palestine. The Es- 

 chalotte, Chalott, or Shallot, is propagated by the smaller 

 roots or offsets, planted in November or February, on beds 

 four feet wide, six inches apart, and two or three deep, re- 

 quiring no culture, except weeding. At the end of July or 

 Deginning of August they will be full grown, but should not 

 be taken up till the leaves begin to wither, in dry weather; 

 then spread them in the sun, and when they are properly 

 dried, clean and tie them up in bunches for use. 



28. Allium Senescens ; Narcissus-leaved Onion, or Garlic. 

 Scape two-edged ; leaves linear, convex beneath, smooth ; 

 umbel roundisli ; stamina awl-shaped. It is a native of Si- 

 beria, the Alps, Silesia, and the island of Sicily. 



29. Allium Odorum ; Sweet-smelling Garlic. Scape nearly 

 columnar; leaves linear, channelled, angular, beneath ; um- 

 bel flat-topped. Corolla white, sweet-smelling ; scape a 

 foot high, round, or with one obscure angle, erect. Native 

 of the south of Europe, China, Japan, &c. 



SO. Allium Inodorum ; Carolina Garlic. Scape naked, 

 Mibtriquetrous ; leaves linear, flat-keeled beneath ; umbel 

 fastigiate, floriferous; stamina simple. It flowers in March 

 and April, and is a native of Carolina. 



31. Allium Angulosum ; Angular-scaped Garlic. Scape 

 two-edged; leaves linear, channelled, somewhat angular 

 beneath ; umbel flat-topped. It grows in the moist parts 

 of meadows ; and is a native of Siberia, Italy, Austria, Swit- 

 zerland, and Germany. 



32. Allium Nigrum ; Black Garlic. Scape columnar; 

 leaves linear ; umbel hemispherical ; petals erect ; spathe 

 pointed, bifid. It is a native of Provence, Italy, Austria, 

 and the neighbourhood of Algiers. 



33. Allium Canadensej Canada Tree-Onion. Scape co- 

 lumnar} leaves linear; head bulb-bearing. Root perennial ; 



flowers few, pedicelled, whitish; petals oval; filaments sim- 

 ple, the length of the corolla, with brownish red antherae. 

 Native of North America. 



34. Allium Ursinum ; Ramsons. Scape three -sided; leaves 

 lanceolate, petiolate ; umbel flat-topped. Stein a foot high 

 and leafy ; corolla white ; smell and taste very acrid. Na- 

 tive of Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, in 

 woods and moist shady places ; and with us in England not 

 uncommon. 



35. Allium Tnquetrum; Three-cornered Aloly. Scape and 

 leaves three-sided ; stamina simple. Leaves resembling 

 those of the burr reed, very much keeled ; petals lanceolate 

 acuminate, white, with a green keel ; stamina and pistil 

 half the length of the petals ; antheraj yellow ; stigma 

 acute. A native of Italy and Spain. 



36. Allium Cepa ; Common Onion. Scape Dwelling out 

 below, and longer than the columnar leaves, f he varieties 

 of the common (Jiiion, are, 1. The Strasbnrgh or Common 

 Oval ; 2. the Spanish Silver-skinned and Red-skinned ; 3. 

 the Portuguese great Oval Onion; and, 4. the Tripoli. All 

 these vary from seeds, and there are several intermediate dif- 

 ferences not worth enumerating. The virtues of this species 

 are considerable. The common onion has been prescribed 

 in malignant and epidemical distempers! They are very diu- 

 retic, and powerful in cleansing and breaking away any ob- 

 structions in the urinary passages. They are likewise very 

 efficacious in removing all oppression from the lungs, greatly 

 promoting expectoration, and relieving asthmas and difficulty 

 of breathing. They are externally employed in cataplasms 

 for suppurating hard tumors. They are excellent to be 

 taken by those who abound in cold watery humours, but 

 very injurious to those of a bilious habit, affecting their 

 heads, eyes, and stomachs. Onions, when eaten plentifully, 

 procure sleep, help digestion, cure acid belchings, remove 

 obstructions of the viscera, increase the urinary secretions, 

 and promote insensible perspiration. Steeped all night in 

 spring water, and the infusion given to children to drink in the 

 morning fasting, kills worms. Onions bruised, with the ad- 

 dition of a little salt, and laid on fresh burns, draws out the 

 fire, and prevents the part from blistering. They are best 

 suited for the use of old phlegmatic people, in cold weather, 

 when their lungs are stuffed, and their breath short. A syrup 

 made of the juice of onions and honey is an excellent medi- 

 cine in asthmatic complaints. Care should betaken not to eat 

 peeled onions, or pieces of onions, that have been exposed in that 

 state for any considerable time, as very bad effects have fol- 

 lowed, though the exact cause is not known. Culture. The 

 cultivation of Onions and Leeks is exactly the same : manyper- 

 sons sow their Leeks very thick in beds in the spring ; and in 

 June, after some of their early crops are taken off, they dig 

 up the ground, and plant the Leeks out thereon, in rows a foot 

 apart, and six inches asunder in the rows, observing to water 

 them until they have taken root ; after which they only re- 

 quire to be weeded : and in good ground, the Leeks thus 

 planted, will grow to a large size. To save the Leek seed, 

 take the largest and best Leeks you have, let them grow in 

 their original place till February, then transplant them in a 

 row against a warm hedge, paling, or wall, eight inches asun- 

 der ; and when their stems advance, which will be in May or 

 June, support them with a string, as they are very liable to 

 be broken down, especially when in head ; and the closer they 

 are drawn to the fence in autumn, the better the seeds will 

 ripen. They are known to be ripe by the heads turning 

 brown, which should then be cut off, with about a foot or 

 more of the stalk to each, and tie them up in bundles, three 

 or four heads in each, and hang them up in a dry place, where 



