ALL 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



A L O 



quantities the first year ; therefore the same roots should 

 remain unremoved, which in the second and third year will 

 produce many stems, and afford a good supply of seeds ; 

 these roots will continue good for many years, but should 

 be transplanted and parted every second or third year, which 

 will cause them to produce strong seeds. 



40. Allium Schaenoprasum ; Gives or Chives. Scape equal- 

 ling the columnar awl-filiform leaves. The petals of this 

 species are of a faint purple colour ; it has a very strong 

 smell. Native of Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, and Siberia. 

 This is a very small sort of Onion, which never produces any 

 bulbs, and seldom grows above six inches high in the blade, 

 which is also very small and slender, and in round bunches ; 

 this was formerly in great request for salads in the spring, 

 as being milder than those Onions which had stood through 

 the winter. They are propagated by parting their roots, and 

 are also very hardy, and will be fit for use early in the spring. 



41. Allium Sibiricum ; Siberian Garlic. Scape columnar : 

 leaves semi-cylindric ; stamina awl-shaped. It has white 

 petals, with a greenish keel. Native of Siberia. 



42. Allium Tenuissimum ; Slender-leaved Garlic. Scape 

 columnar, empty ; leaves awl-filiform ; heads loose, few- 

 flowered: A native of Siberia ; much eaten by the field- 

 mice, who lay up the roots for their winter food. 



43. Allium Chamae-Moly ; Bastard Garlic. Scape scarcely 

 any, naked ; capsules drooping; leaves flat, ciliate. Flowers 

 seven to ten, white, with the outside purplish or greenish. 

 It flowers in January ; and is a native of Italy. 



44. Allium Gracile ; Jamaica Garlic. Scape naked ; co- 

 lumnar very long ; leaves linear, channelled ; stamina sub- 

 ulate, connate at the base. Petals erect, white, the claws 

 uniting below with the stamina, and forming a green tube. 

 A native of Jamaica ; flowering in February. 



45. Allium Neapolitanurn ; Naples Garlic. Scape naked, 

 ancipital ; leaves lanceolate, channelled ; umbel scattered. 

 Corolla white, and spreading ; stamina shorter than the co- 

 rolla. It is cultivated in gardens in the neighbourhood of 

 Naples, and begins to grow spontaneously about the city ; 

 it flowers in March. 



Allophylus ; a genus of the class Octandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix ; perianth four-leaved ; 

 leaflets orbiculate ; two exterior, opposite, smaller by half. 

 Corolla : of four petals, less than the calix, orbiculate, equal ; 

 claws broad, length of the two smaller leaves of the calix. 

 Stamina : filaments filiform, the length of the corolla ; an- 

 therae roundish. Pistil: germ superior, roundish, twin; 

 style filiform, longer than the stamina ; stigma bifid, with 

 the divisions rolled back. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: 

 four-leaved ; leaflets orbiculate, two opposite smaller. Pe- 

 tals : four, less than the calix. Germs : twin. Stamina , 

 quadrifid. The species are, 



1. Allophylus Zeylanicus. Leaves oval, acuminate, quite 

 entire ; racemes axillary, very short. A native of the island 

 of Ceylon. 



2. Allophylus Rigidus. Leaves simple, toothletted, and 

 spiny ; flowers in racemes. Native of Hispaniola. 



3. Allophylus llacemosus. Leaves ternate; flowers in 

 racemes. A native of Hispaniola. 



4. Allophylus Cominia. Leaves ternate ; flowers in pani- 

 cles. The stem is the thickness of the human thigh, rising 

 thirty feet in height, with a smooth ash-coloured bark. 

 Flowers very numerous, whitish yellow, to which succeed 

 small orange-coloured smooth berries, the size of a small 

 pin's head, having a single stone in them, with a thin brittle 

 shell, and a large kernel in proportion to the fruit. It grows 

 abundantly in Jamaica. 



5. Allophylus Ternatus. Leaves ternate serrate ; raceme* 

 long, terminating. This is only a shrub five feet in height, 

 with spreading branches. Flowers small, white, with hairy 

 petals, and a nectary of four glands. It is a native of Co- 

 chin-China, by the banks of rivers. The inhabitants uge 

 the leaves as a catapalasm in contusions. 



All-seed. See Linum and Chenopodium. 



All-spice. See Myrtus. 



Almond, African. See Brabeium. 



Almond, Dwarf. 1 . , , 



, J > See Amysdalui. 

 Almond, Tree. J 



Alni/olia. Sec Clethra. 



Alnus. See Betula. 



Aloe ; a genus of the class Hexandria, order Monogynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: none. Corolla: one-petalled, 

 erect, sexfid, oblong ; tube gibbous ; border spreading, small, 

 nectareous at bottom. Stamina: filaments awl-shaped, as 

 long as the corolla, or longer, inserted into the receptacle ; 

 antherae oblong, incumbent. Pistil : germ ovate ; style 

 simple, the length of 'the stamina ; stigma obtuse, trifid. 

 Pericarp -. an oblong capsule, three-furrowed, three-celled, 

 and three-valved. Seeds: several, angular. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Corolla : erect, with an expanded mouth, and 

 a nectareous base. Filaments : inserted into the receptacle. 

 The roots of this genus are perennial and stoloniferous. 

 Stem none, or else formed from the bases of the leaves; round, 

 generally single, seldom branched. Leaves succulent, em- 

 bracing the stem, in some smooth and even, in others spotted 

 or painted, in others warted ; variously disposed. Scape or 

 peduncle bracted, erect, frequently single, seldom branched. 

 Native place of growth, principally the Cape of Good Hope, 

 and all hot climates. The inspissated juice of the various 

 species of Aloe is a hot and irritating purgative. The Soco- 

 torine Aloe is gentler and purer than the others, and is gene- 

 rally the only kind used in medicine. As the drossy resinous 

 part of the Aloe is not soluble in water, it has been found, 

 when combined with other mixtures, an excellent preservative 

 against the worm which is so injurious to ships trading to 

 the East or West Indies : one ounce of aloes is suflicient for 

 two superficial feet of plank ; about twelve pounds tor a \ i- .-- 

 sel of fifty tons' burthen ; and three hundred pounds fora first- 

 rate man of war. It may be incorporated with six pounds of 

 pitch, one pound of Spanish brown, or whiting, and a quart of 

 oil ; or with the same proportion of turpentine, Spanish brown, 

 and tallow. Such a coat will preserve a ship's bottom eight 

 months, and the expense for a first-rate ship will be about 

 eighteen pounds. The same composition may be used in hot 

 countries for preserving rafters, &c. from the wood ant. The 

 soil in which this genus of plants thrive best, is one-halt i'rcsh 

 light earth from a common, and if the turf be taken with it 

 and rotted, it is much better ; the rest should be white so;u- 

 sand, or road-sand, and sifted lime-rubbish, of each of these 

 two a fourth part ; mix them together six or eight months at 

 least before the compost is used, observing to turn it over 

 often during that time. The middle of July is the time to 

 shift these plants, which must be done by taking them out of 

 the pots, and opening the roots with the fingers, shake out as 

 much of the earth as possible, and remove all dead or mouldy 

 roots, then fill the pot three parts full with the above-men- 

 tioned earth, putting a few stones at the bottom to drain off 

 the moisture, and replacing the roots of the plant so as to 

 prevent their interfering with each other, fill the pot almost 

 to the rim with the same earth, observing to shake the plant, 

 that the earth may settle among the roots, and keep it steady 

 in the pot, and water it gently, especially in hot dry weather, 

 setting it abroad in a shady place. Towards the end of Sep- 



