ARC 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



A R D 



117 



der, and venereal disorders ; also for consumptive and asth- 

 matical habits. The roots are said to be sudorific, and useful 

 in fevers ; but its virtue in operating: by urine is its greatest 

 value. The herb being burnt green between the time of 

 flowering and needing, in a hole made in the ground, without 

 suffering the fiame to escape, three pounds of the ashes pro- 

 duced sixteen ounces of very white alkaline salt, as good as 

 the best potash. There are many varieties of this common 

 plant, differing in colour, and size, and smoothness or wool- 

 liness of the heads ; the most remarkable of which is the 

 Woolly- headed Burdock, which differs only in having the 

 leaves whiter beneath, the heads more compact, and the 

 florets of a bright red colour, but principally in having the 

 calix al! over beautifully netted with a fine down. 



2. Arctium Personata: Cut-leaved Burdock. Leaves decur- 

 rent, ciliate, spiny ; root-leaves pinnate ; stem-leaves oblong- 

 ovate. Root biennial, black, woody. Flowers in July and 

 August ; native of Switzerland, Austria, Silesia, and Siberia. 



3. Arctium Carduel is. Leaves pinnatifld, prickly; stem 

 upright, prickly, grooved ; root perennial. Found in the 

 mountains of Upper Carniola and Silesia. 



Arctopus; a genus of the class Polygamia, order Dio?cia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix : umbel universal 

 long, unequal ; partial shorter, more abundant ; involucre 

 universal five-leaved, short ; partial five-leaved, the lene-th 

 of the umbellule : perianth five-parted, very small. Co- 

 rolla : universal uniform; proper petals five, entire, oblong. 

 Stamina: filamenta five, setaceous, longer than the corolla; 

 anther simple. Pistils germen none ; styles two, setace- 

 ous, longer than the stamina ; stigmas simple. Pericarp : 

 abortive. Female, (or anrlrogi/nous,) on a distinct plant. Ca- 

 li> .- umbel partial with sessile floscules ; involucre partial 

 one-leafed, four-parted, spreading, spiny at the edge, many- 

 flowered, very large. Corolla: proper of the disk male, 

 several, as in the male ; of the ray female, four, pentapetalous. 

 Stamina.- to the males of the disk, as in the male. Pistil: 

 to thefemales, germen subulate, hispid, under the receptacle 

 of the floscule ; styles two, reflex, permanent ; stigmas sim- 

 ple. Pericarp: none; involucre converging with spines. 

 Seeds : to the females solitary, cordate, acuminate, bent out- 

 ward, hispid above, bitocular, the size of the involucre. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTRR. Mule . umbel compound ; invo- 

 lucre five-leaved ; corolla five-petnlled ; stamina five ; pistil 

 two, abortive. Female, or androffynoiu : umbel simple ; invo- 

 lucre four-parted, spiny, very large, containing verv many 

 male floscules in the disk, and four female ones in the ray. 

 Male: petals five ; stamina five. Female: petals five ; styles 



two ; seed one, bilocular, inferior. The onl species 



known is, 



1. Arctopus Echinatus; Prickly-leaved Arctopus. A 

 handsome plant ; with the leaves crowded, sinuate and 

 ciliate, with spines on the upper surface ; flowers terminat- 

 ing among the leaves. Native of the Cape. 



Arctotis a genus of the class Ryngenesia, order Polyga- 

 mia Nece=saria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Caliv: common 

 roundish, imbricate; lower scales more lax, subulate; mid- 

 dle ovate ; inmost oblong, srariose, rounded, and concave 

 at the end. Corolla: compound radiate ; corolltilcs herma- 

 phrodite, very many, in the disk; females ligulate, near 

 twenty, longer than the diameter of the disk ; proper of the 

 hermaphrodites funnel-shaped : border quinquefid ; ends 

 reflex, equal ; of the females ligulate, lanceolate, very finely 

 three-toothed ; tube very short. Stamina of the hermaphro- 

 dites ; filamenta five, capillary, short; anthera cylindric, 

 tubular, five toothed, length of the corolla. Pittil: of 

 "he hermaphrodites ; germ scarcely visible ; style cylindric, 



VOL. I. 10. 



a little longer than the corolla; stigma simple: of the fe- 

 males, germ ovate, four-cornered, villose, crowned with its 

 proper calicle ; style filiform ; stigmas ovate, oblong, thickishj 

 erect. Pericarp: none; calix unchanged. Seeds: in the 

 hermaphrodites, none ; in the females eolita ry, roundish, vil- 

 lose, crowned with a calicle, usually of five leaves ; leaflets 

 ovate, spreading. Receptacle: villose or chaffy, flatfish. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Receptacle villose or chaffy ; down 

 with a five-leaved crown ; calix imbricate, with scales sca- 

 riose at the end. All the plants of this genus are natives of 

 the Cape of Good Hope ; the annual sorts may be raised 

 from seed sown in a warm border of light earth in the mid- 

 dle of April : the shrubby sorts may be propagated by cut- 

 tings or slips from the roots in any of the summer months ; 

 and in six weeks will be rooted sufficiently to be transplanted 

 into pots filled with fresh earth. Some of them require to 

 '. be sheltered in the green-house during winter. 

 * Receptacles villose. 



1 . Arctotis Calendulacea ; Marygold-flowered Arctotis. 

 Radiant florets barren ; leaves runcinate, rather tomentose. 

 Annual. There are several varieties of this species, all na- 

 tives of the Cape of Good Hope. 



2. Arctotis Serrata. Radiant florets barren ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, undivided, tooth-serrate ; corolla yellow. 



3. Arctotis Tenuifolia. Radiant florets barren ; leaves 

 linear, undivided, naked. Perennial. 



4. Arctotis Grandiflora; Great-flowered. Arctotis. Radiant 

 florets fertile; leaves pinnatifid, toothletted, cobwebbed, 

 three-nerved ; petals straw-coloured, with a tinge of red 

 underneath. Biennial ; flowering from March to May. 



5. Arctotis Plantaginea ; Plantain-leaved Arctotis. Ra- 

 diant florets fertile ; leave lanceolate-ovate, nerved, tooth- 

 letted, stem-clasping. Perennial. 



6. Arctotis Argentea; Silvery Arctota. Radiant florets 

 fertile; leaves lanceolate-linear, quite entire, tomentose. 

 A biennial plant, with yellow flowers. 



7. Arctotis Angustifolia. Leaves oblong, toothed. There 

 is a variety with the stem creeping, cobweb-like; leaves 

 lyrate, with two teeth on each side : the whole plant white. 



8. Arctotis Aspera. Rough Arctota. Radiant florets 

 fertile ; leaves pinnate-sinuate ; villose ; divisions oblong, 

 toothed, stem stiff, villose, with purple streaks : perennial. 

 There are several varieties of this species. 



** Receptacle chajfy. 



9. Arctotis Paradoxa; Chamomile-leaved Arctotis. Radi- 

 ant florets barren ; chaffs coloured, longer than the disk ; 

 leaves bipinnate, linear ; chaffs elongate, coloured, almost 

 the length of the ray, whence the flower appears double. 



10. Arctotis Scariosa ; Southernwood-leaved Arcfotis. Ra- 

 diant florets barren ; chaffs equalling the florets of the disk ; 

 leaves decompound; stem shrubby. 



11. Arctotis Paleacea; Chaffy Arctotis. Radiant florets 

 barren ; chaffs equalling the florets of the disk ; leaves pinnate 

 linear; corolla yellow. Flowers from April to August. 



12. Arctotis Dentata; Fine-leaved Arctotis. Radiant flo- 

 rets barren ; leaves pinnate ; pinnas pinnatifid, indented ; 

 flowers small ; ray purple. An.annual, flowering in July. 



13. Arctotis Anthemoides. Chaffs shorter than the florets ; 

 leaves supra decompound, linear. Very like Chamomile. 



14. Arctotis Tenuifolia. Radiant florets barren ; leave* 

 linear, undivided, smooth ; corolla yellow. 



15. Arctotis Acaulis ; Dwarf Arctotis. Peduncles radical; 

 leaves lyrate. A low plant, with large yellow flowers. 



Ardisia ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed, 

 five-cleft ; clefts subulate, upright, coloured, permanent. 





