A R N 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



ART 



123 



solitary, oblong. Down : simple, in the hermaphrodites 

 pubescent, long. Receptacle: naked. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Receptacle: naked. Down: simple; corollules of 

 the ray have five filamenta without anther. The European 

 sorts, which are hardy, require a moist shady situation ; and 

 :nay be propagated by parting the roots in autumn, when 

 the stalks begin to decay, or by seeds sown soon after they 

 are ripe in autumn, for those sown in spring often fail ; but 

 if the seeds are permitted to scatter, they will appear of 

 themselves, and only require to be kept free from weeds. 

 The other species must be kept in pots under a frame or in 

 a dry-stove ; they may be increased by seeds, cuttings, or 



parting the roots. The species are, 



1. Arnica Montana; Mountain Arnica. Leaves ovate, 

 entire ; stem-leaves twin, opposite ; flowers a deep yellow ; 

 root perennial, and aromatic. The whole plant is acrid, and 

 has a strong scent. The flowers follow the sun ; goats are 

 fond of it, but cows refuse to touch it. In Smaland they 

 snuff the powder of the leaves up the nostrils, and smoke 

 them as tobacco. In Germany it is esteemed a specific for 

 resolving coagulated blood, occasioned by falls and bruises, 

 and is recommended in obstinate chronical disorders ; but it 

 appears to be too violent in its operation for general use. Dr. 

 Collins, of Vienna, recommends beginning with an infusion of 

 one drachm of the herb in flower, morning and .evening, 

 gradually increasing the dose to half an ounce, and keeping 

 the body open. Infused in small beer, and taken as common 

 drink, it is reported to have removed the chronical rheumatism 

 of the loins ; and in one or two doses, taken two hours before 

 the fit, to have put a stop to intermittents of long standing. 

 Bergius tried this infusion, and also the powder of the root, 

 in quartan agues, without success. Allioni relates, that the 

 palsy was cured by the flowers, but that his patients could 

 not endure the quantity of the infusion of them which Dr. 

 Collins above recommends ; and that he nevergave more than 

 three drachms, and divided them into several doses. Villars 

 celebrates the Arnica as one of the best remedies of the vege- 

 table kingdom; as eminently diureticand tonic; asafebrifuge, 

 antiparalytic, and antiarthritic. He says, that all parts of it 

 may be used in infusion or decoction ; in a dose of half a 

 grain, or, if given in substance, less, especially at the begin- 

 ning, because it is apt to discourage patients by giving them 

 the heartburn. " How many sick," he exclaims, " have I 

 benefited, and even cured of the dropsy, by this simple 

 remedy !" It flowers in July in Great Britain, and is a na- 

 tive of most parts of Europe, and of Siberia. 



2. Arnica Piloselloides ; Mouse-ear Arnica. Leaves quite 

 entire, elliptic, villose ; scape one-flowered, woolly ; calix 

 equalling the ray. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 



3. Arnica Scorpioides : Alternate-leaved Arnica. Leaves 

 alternate, toothed. The roots are contorted, and the whole 

 plant has a strong disagreeable smell, especially in the shade. 

 Native of Switzerland, Savoy, Dauphiny, and Austria. 



4. Arnica Doronicum. Leaves alternate, subserrate, ob- 

 long, rough. Natives of the high Alps of the Grisons, of 

 Dauphiny, Piedmont, and Austria. 



5. Arnica Maritima ; Sea Arnica. Leaves lanceolate, the 

 lower ones serrate ; stem leafy, many-flowered. Native of 

 Kamtschatka and North America. 



6. Arnica Crocea; Saffron-flowered Arnica. Leaves ovate, 

 repand, toothletted, tomentose underneath ; scape one-flow- 

 ered. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 



7- Arnica Ciliata ; Ciliate- leaved Arnica. Leaves stem- 

 clasping, ovate, toothed, ciliate, smooth ; stem simple, one- 

 flowered ; flower terminating, red, the size of a small pear. 

 This, and the two following, are natives of Japan. 



8. Arnica Japonica; Japanese Arnica. Leaves gash-pal- 

 mated, toothletted ; flowers red, terminal, sub-binate. 



9. Arnica Palmata ; Palmate-leaved Arnica. Leaves gash - 

 palmated, toothed ; flowers panicled, small, yellow. 



10. Arnica Gerbera. Leaves pinnatifid ; lobes rounded. 

 Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 



11. Arnica Coronopifolia. Leaves pinnate; divisions 

 linear. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 



12. Arnica Oporina. Shrubby: leaves lanceolate, callous, 

 crenate, tomentose beneath; peduncles one-flowered, soli- 

 tary, terminating, scaly. Native of New Zealand. 



Arnotto. See lti.ru. 



Arrow-Head. See Sagittaria. 



Arrow-headed Grass. See Triglochm. 



Arrow-Root, Indian. See Maranta. 



Arsesmart. See Polygonum. 



Artedia ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Digynia 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Umbel universal, spreading, 

 flat, manifold ; partial small, similar ; involucre universal, 

 about ten-leaved ; leaflets ovate, oblong ; three-bristled at 

 the end, nearly the length of the umbel ; partial two or 

 three-leaved, vergingoutwards; leaflets linear,pinnate,longer 

 than the umbellule. Corolla : universal, difform, radiate ; 

 floscules of the disk, abortive ; proper of the disk, male ; 

 petals five, cordate-inflex, erect ; of the ray, hermaphrodite, 

 with similar petals, but the outmost larger. Stamina : fila- 

 menta five, capillary in all the florets; anthera simple, 

 roundish. Pistil: of the ray ; germen small inferior ; styles 

 reflex ; stigmas simple. Pericarp : none ; fruit roundish, 

 compressed, leafy, scaled on the edge, bipartite. Seeds: two, 

 oblong, set about the edge with roundish spreading scales. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Involucre pinnatifid ; floscules 



of the disk male ; fruit rough, with scales. The only 



species known is, 



I. Artedia Squamata. An annual plant, and a native of 

 the East, producing a large umbel of white flowers in July. 

 If the seed be sown where they are to remain upon a warm 

 border in autumn, and the plants kept six or eight inches 

 apart, and clear from weeds, they will thrive ; but to secure 

 their seeding in England, they should be raised in a hot- 

 bed, and kept in a green-house. 



Artemisia a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Polyga- 

 mia ^Equalis. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : common, 

 roundish, imbricate ; scales rounded, converging. Corolla; 

 compound ; corollula hermaphrodite, tubular, several in the 

 disk ; females almost naked in the circumference ; proper 

 of the hermaphrodite funnel-shaped ; border five-cleft. Sta- 

 mina : in the hermaphrodites ; filamenta capillary, very 

 short ; anthera cylindric, tubular, five-toothed. Pistil : in 

 the hermaphrodites ; germen small ; style filiform, the length 

 of the stamina ; stigma bifid, revolute : females, germen 

 very small ; style longer than in the hermaphrodites ; stigma 

 similar. Pericarp : none. Calix : scarcely changed. Seeds : 

 solitary, naked. Receptacle: flat or villose. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Receptacle: subvillose, or almost naked. 

 Down : none^. Calix : imbricate, with rounded converging 

 scales. Corolla : of the ray none. Most of the numerous 

 plants of this genus are hardy perennials, and may be in- 

 creased without much difficulty, by seeds, by parting the 

 roots, and by slips or cuttings. 



* Shrubby, erect. , 



1. Artemisia Vermiculata. Leaves acerose, crbwded, very 

 small ; panicle racemed; flowers sessile. Native of the Cape 

 of Good Hope : it requires a light soil in a green-house, 

 and may be there increased by slips or cuttings. 



2. Artemisia Capillaris. Leaves simple, capillaceous ; 



