210 



BIIP 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



BUR 



13. Bupleurum Junceum ; Linear-leaved Hare* Ear. 

 Stem erect, panicled ; leaves linear ; involucres three-leaved ; 



iuvolucels five-leaved ; root annual ; stem two to six feet high, 

 rushy, of an even surface, with alternate upright branches : 

 the seeds are almost of the size and colour of Parsley. It is 

 a native of France, Italy, Switzerland, and Germany ; it 

 flowers in July and August, and was cultivated in the bo- 

 tanic garden at Chelsea. 



14. Bupleurum Pyrenaicum. Partial involucres roundish, 

 emarginate, united ; universal three-leaved, cut at the base ; 

 leaves lanceolate, cordate, embracing the stem. Native of 

 the Pyrenees. 



15. Bupleurum Nudum, Stem branched, leafless ; root- 

 leaves decompound, plain, gashed ; involucres, universal and 

 partialjlanceolate-oblong; root perennial. Native of the Cape. 



** Shrubby. 



16. Bupleurum Fruticosum ; Common Shrubby Hare's 

 Ear, or Shrubby Ethiopian Hartwort. Leaves obovate, 

 quite entire It is an evergreen shrub, rising to the height 

 of five or six feet, and dividing into many branches, so as to 

 form a large regular bush ; the stem is covered with a pur- 

 plish bark ; the branches are well furnished with oblong, 

 smooth, shining, stiff leaves, of a sea-green colour, placed 

 alternately, four inches long, and one broad in the middle : at 

 the ends of these the flowers are produced in umbels ; they 

 are yellow at first, but fade away to a brown ; they appear 

 in July or August, but seldom perfect seeds in England. It 

 is a native of the south of France, Spain, Italy, and the Levant. 

 This is commonly known among gardeners by the name of 

 Shrubby Ethiopian Hartwort, and is now propagated in the 

 nursery gardens for sale : being hardy, it will thrive in the 

 open air, and may be intermixed with other evergreen shrubs 

 of the same growth in the front of taller trees, where their 

 stems are designed to be excluded from sight. It is propa- 

 gated by cuttings, which should be planted in pots filled 

 with fresh loamy earth, and in winter sheltered under a hot- 

 bed frame ; in the spring the cuttings will put out roots, but 

 they will not be fit to transplant till the autumn following ; 

 so the pots should be placed in a shady situation in summer, 

 and in dry weather they must be refreshed with water the 

 young plants may be placed in a nursery bed at two feet dis- 

 tance, for a year or two, to get strength, and then trans- 

 planted where they are to remain. 



17. Bupleurum Fruticescens ; Grass-leaved Shrubby Hare t 

 Ear. Leaves linear; involucre universal and partial. The 

 leaves of this are sharp and rather fleshy. It is a native of 

 Spain, and flowers in August and September. This may be 

 cultivated in the same manner as the preceding species, but 

 it is not so hardy. 



18. Bupleurum Difforme ; Various-leaved Hare's Ear. 

 Vernal leaves decompound, flat, gashed ; summer ones fili- 

 form, angular, trifid. This rises with a shrubby stalk to the 

 height of five or six feet, sending out some side-branches, 

 which in the spring have on their lower parts leaves composed 

 of so many small flat leaflets, finely cut, like those of Coriander, 

 and of a sea-green colour ; these leaves soon fall off, and the 

 upper part of the branches is closely covered with long rush- 

 like leaves, having four angles, coming out in clusters from 

 each joint. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and 

 flowers from June till August. This is also propagated by 

 cuttings, which readily take root, if they are planted in April, 

 in pots filled with light earth, and plunged into a moderate 

 hot-bed ; when they have taken root, they should be inured 

 to the open air by degrees, and after they have obtained 

 strength, may be planted each into a separate pot filled 

 with light loamy earth, placing them in the shade till 



they have taken fresh root, when they may be placed with 

 other exotic plants in a sheltered situation, where they in.-w 

 remain till the autumn, and then they must be removed into 

 the green-house or dry-stove. If this plant be propagated 

 by seeds, they should be sown in autumn, soon after they are 

 ripe, in pots filled with light earth, which must be sheltered 

 under a frame in winter, and in the spring removed to a very 

 gentle hot-bed ; the plants must be inured to the open air 

 by degrees, and then treated in the same manner as those 

 raised from cuttings. 



19. Bupleurum Spinosum. Branches of the panicle, when 

 old, naked and spinescent ; leaves linear ; root perennial ; 

 stem low, shrubby, unequal, streaked, rigid, with very fre- 

 quent joints ; branches divaricate and bent back ; root-leaves 

 linear, lanceolate, three-nerved, acute ; stem leaves very like 

 them : those on the branches sharper and very short. Na- 

 tive of Spain. This, as well as the eighteenth and nineteenth 

 species, may be propagated by cuttings, and treated as the 

 sixteenth ; or by seeds, when they can be obtained. They 

 will probably bear the open air in mild seasons, but are no't 

 yet sufficiently common to run that hazard. 



20. Bupleurum Nudum ; Naked-stalked Hare's Ear. Stem 

 branched, leafless ; root-leaves decompound, flat, gashed ; 

 involucres and involucels lanceolate-oblong. Native of the 

 Cape of Good Hope. 



21. Bupleurum Coriaceum ; Thick-leaved Shrubby Hare's 

 Ear. Frutescent : leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, oblique ; 

 stems upright, sparingly branched, round, dark-coloured, 

 annulated with the scars left by the falling leaves, from three 

 to four feet in height ; branches alternate, upright, marked 

 with lines, fistulose, green ; leaves alternate, approximating, 

 half stem-clasping, quite entire, cultrate about the edges, 

 with a sharp reflex point, attenuate at the base, having one 

 whitish nerve, glaucous, permanent, five inches long, and 

 nearly an inch broad, when held up to the light, appearing 

 very finely netted. It differs from the common shrubby sort, 

 in the oblique situation of the leaves, and the petluncles 

 being branched. The whole plant is very fragrant when 

 rubbed. Native of Gibraltar 



Burcardia ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Penta- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix .- perianth five-leaved j 

 leaflets ovate, externally villose, acute, deciduous. Corolla ' 

 petals five, roundish, obtuse, spreading, almost the length 

 of the calix. Stamina: filament a five, capillary; anthenc 

 ovate. Pistil : germen three-cornered ; styles five or six 

 long ; stigmas flat, broadish, fleshy, with five prominent 

 streaks. Pericarp : capsule three-sided, one-celled, three- 

 valved. Receptacle.- linear, fastened longitudinally to the 

 middle of each valve. Setd: seven or eight, subovate, ad- 

 hering to each receptacle. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Ca- 

 lii : five-leaved. Corolla : five-petalled. Capsule ; angular, 



one-celled, three-valved, seven or eight seeded. The 



only known species is, 



1. Burcardia Villosa. This is an annual plant, with a 

 branched stem, two feet high, hirsute, with reddish-brown 

 hairs ; leaves alternate, subsessile, ovate-oblong, wrinkled, 

 toothed, covered with hairs of the same colour with those 

 on the stem ; flowers at the end of the stem and branches, 

 axillary, solitary, on long hairy peduncles : the whole plant, 

 indeed, is covered with stiff hairs. It is found on the 

 sandy coasts of Cayenne and Guiana. 



Burdock. See Arclaim and Xanthium, 



Burmannia ; a genus of the class Hexandria, order Mono-' 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth long, one- 

 leafed, prismatic, coloured, with three longitudinal mem- 

 branous angles ; the mouth trifid, small. Corolla : petali 



