B Y S 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



B Y S 



upper lip bifid, lower trifid, the outmost segment most pro- 

 duced. Stamina : filamenta four, didynamous, distant ; an- 

 therae incumbent. Pistil: germen superior, four-parted : 

 style subulate; stigma bifid. Pericarp: none; calix closed 

 with a beard, and cherishing the seeds. Seeds .-four. ESSEN- 

 TIAL CHARACTER. Calix : five-subulate, bearded at the open- 

 ing. Corolla: upper lip bifid, lower trifid. Stamina: dis- 

 tant. As to the culture and propagation of the plants of 

 this genus, the three first sorts must be preserved in the 

 bark-stove ; and the four last, in the dry-stove or conser- 

 vatory. They may all be propagated by cuttings during the 

 summer months. The species are, 



1. Bystropogon Pectinatuin ; Balm-leaved Bystropogon. 

 Panicles compact ; flowers directed one way ; leaves ovate. 

 Native of Jamaica, in all the low lands and dry savannas 

 about Kingston and Spanish Town. It has also been found 



in Peru, by Dombey. It flowers in December and January. 



2. Bystropogon Sidsefolium ; Sida-leaved Bystropogon. 

 Panicles very loose ; peduncles in whorls, filiform ; leaves 

 cordate. Native of Peru. 



S. Bystropogon Suaveolens ; Sweet-tcented Bystropogon. 

 Peduncles axillary, solitary ; calicos truncate, awned ; leaves 

 cordate. This is an annual plant, the whole of which has 

 a very strong smell, like all the rest of this genus. On this 

 account the Portuguese call it erva cidreira, or citron herb; 

 and in Jamaica, where it is common about Kingston and 

 Old Harbour, they call it spikenard, on account of its strong 

 and pleasant smell. It is one of the most grateful cephalics 

 and alexipharmics ; and may be used in disorders of the 



nerves and viscera, where such warm medicines are required. 

 It is a native of the continent of South America, as well 

 as the islands of the West Indies. 



4. Bystropogon Plumosum ; Woolly-flowered Bystropogon. 

 Panicles dichotomous ; calices feathered; leaves ovate, sub- 

 serrate, tomentose beneath. It flowers in June and July, 

 and is a native of the Canary Islands. 



5. Bystropogon Origanifolium ; Marjoram-leaved Bystro- 

 pogon. Panicles dichotomous ; calices feathered ; leaves ovate, 

 quite entire, very white beneath. This is very nearly allied 

 to the foregoing, but the leaves are quite entire, and snow- 

 white underneath. Found in the Canary Islands. 



6. Bystropogon Canariense ; Canary Bystropogon. Pedun- 

 cles dichotomous ; flowers in heads ; leaves ovate, crenate, 

 very villose beneath ; stem woody, three or four feet high, 

 dividing into many branches ; leaves on long peduncles, 

 hairy, and ash-coloured on their under side. The flowers 

 are produced from the side of the branches, on pretty long 

 peduncles, each sustaining four roundish heads, dividing by 

 pairs, and spreading from each other. They come out in 

 June and July, but do not produce ripe seeds in England. 

 The corolla is white ; and the leaves, when bruised, emit an 

 agreeable odour. The gardeners have given it the title of 

 Madame Maintenon. It flowers from June to August, and 

 grows naturally in the Canary Islands. 



7. Bystropogon Punctatum ; Cluster-flowered Bystropogon. 

 Panicles dichotomous ; flowers in heads ; leaves .ovate, 

 toothed, smooth, finely dotted. Flowers from July till Sep- 

 tember, and is a native of Madeira. 



CAB 



CABBAGE. See Brassica. 



Cabbage-tree. See Aleraca Oleracea, and Cacalia Kleinia. 



Cacalia ; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Polygamia 

 jliqualis. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : common sim- 

 ple, oblong, at the base only subcalicled, cylindric ; scales 

 five to ten, equal, lanceolate-linear, forming a tube ; a few 

 very short, incumbent on the base. Corolla : compound 

 tubular ; corollules hermaphrodite, in number the same as 

 the longer leaves of the calix, uniform ; proper funnel-form 

 gradually lessening to the tube ; border four or five-cleft, 

 erect. Stamina : filamenta five, capillary, very short; anthera 

 cylindric, tubular. Pistil: germen oblong; style filiform, the 

 length of the stamina ; stigmas two, oblong, revolute. Peri- 

 carp: none; calix unchanged. Seeds: solitary, oblong, ovate- 

 narrow. Down ; capillary, very long. Receptacle : naked, 

 flat, dotted. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : cylindric, ob- 

 long, at the base only subcalicled. Down: capillary. Recep- 

 tacle : naked. The plants of this genus, which are natives 

 of the Cape of Good Hope, should be propagated by cut- 

 tings during the summer months : these should be cut 

 from the plants, and laid to dry a fortnight, that the wound 

 may be healed over before they are planted. Most people 

 plunge the pots, in which these are planted, in a moderate 

 hot-bed, to forward their putting out roots ; but if they are 

 planted in June and July, they will root as well in the open 

 air. Branches broken off by accident, which have fallen on 

 the ground, have frequently put out roots without any care : 

 these branches may be kept six months out of the ground, 

 and will then take root if planted. They should have a light 

 pandy earth, and in winter be placed in an airy glass-case, 

 where they may enjoy the sun and air in mild weather, but 

 must be protected from frost. During the winter season, the 

 plants must have but little water; and in summer, when they 



C A C 



are placed in the open air, it should not be given them too 

 often, nor in great quantity, but they must be treated like 

 theFicoides, and other succulent plants from the same coun- 

 try. The species are, 



*Shrvbby. 



1. Cacalia Papillaris ; Rough-stalked Cacalia. Stem shrub- 

 by, fortified with truncated petiolary spines. Perennial. 

 Stem about three feet high, cylindric; leaves three or four 

 inches long, nearly cylindric, with a longitudinal furrow, 

 glaucous-green, scattered about the summits of the branches. 

 Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This, as well as the 

 second species, requires a sandy poor soil, and to be kept 

 very dry both summer and winter: hard rains often cause 

 them to rot ; but they require the open air in summer. 



2. Cacalia Anteuphorbium ; Oval-leaved Cacalia. Stem 

 shrubby ; leaves ovate-oblong, flat ; petioles having a triple 

 line at the base. This plant is generally known by the name 

 of Anteuphorbium, being supposed to have qualities contrary 

 to Euphorbium. Native of the Cape : see the first species. 



3. Cacalia Cuneifolia ; Wedge-leaved Cacalia. Stem shrub- 

 by ; leaves wedge-form, fleshy, flat above, but somewhat 

 convex underneath. Native of the Cape. 



4. Cacalia Kleinia ; Oleander-lear>ed Cacalia, or Cabbage- 

 tree. Stem shrubby, compound ; leaves lanceolate, flat ; 

 scars of the petioles obsolete. This rises with a thick fleshy 

 stem, divided at certain distances, as it were into so many 

 joints ; each of these divisions swells much larger in the 

 middle. The stalks divide into many irregular branches of 

 the same form, which, towards their extremities, have long 

 narrow leaves, of a glaucous colour, standing all round with- 

 out order ; as these fall off, they leave a scar at the place, 

 which always remains on the branches. The flowers are 

 produced in large clusters, at the extremities : they are of a 





