C A C 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



C A C 



215 



faint carnation-colour. It grows naturally in the Canary 

 Islands, and flowers in August, September, and the greater 

 part of October, but does not produce seed in this country : 

 it is called Cabbage-tree by the gardeners, from the resem- 

 blance which the stalks have to those of Cabbage; others 

 have named it Carnation-tree, from the shape of the leaves 

 and colour of the flowers. In some parts of England, fossils 

 have been dug up, upon which Dr. Woodward supposed that 

 he discovered impressions of this plant. It requires a warm 

 dry glass-case in winter, and very little water : in summer, 

 it must be placed in the open air, in a warm sheltered situ- 

 ation. With this management, the plants will flower annually, 

 and grow to the height of eight or ten feet. 



5. Cacalia Ficoides ; Flat-leaved Cacalia. Stem shrubby; 

 leaves compressed, fleshy. This rises with strong round 

 stalks to the height of seven or eight feet ; they are woody 

 at bottom, but soft and succulent upwards, sending out many 

 irregular branches. These, for more than half their length, 

 have thick taper succulent leaves, a little compressed on two 

 sides, ending in points covered with a whitish meal ; when 

 broken, they emit a strong odour of turpentine, and are full of 

 a viscid juice : at the extremities of the branches the flowers 

 are produced in small umbels ; they are white, and cut into 

 five parts at top : the stigma is of a dark purple colour, and 

 stands erect above the tube. The seeds do not ripen in Eng- 

 land. In France, the leaves are sometimes pickled with the 

 white meal preserved on them. It flowers from June to 

 November, and grows naturally at the Cape of Good Hope. 



6. Cacalia Repens ; Glaucous-leaved Cacalia. Stem shrub- 

 by ; leaves depressed, fleshy ; root creeping. This plant very 

 much resembles the fifth species in stature ; it is also co- 

 vered with a glaucous meal ; but the leaves have their upper 

 surface concave, and are not compressed on the sides. It 

 flowers in June, and is a native of the Cape. 



7. Cacalia SufFruticosa ; Flax-leaved Cacalia. Stem under- 

 shrubby, branching ; leaves linear, flat, scattered. This is 

 an undershrub, a palm in height, variously branched, and 

 filiform ; leaves quite entire, by no means fleshy; down 

 with hispid hairs. Native of Brazil. 



8. Cacalia Laurifolia; Bay-leaved Cacalia. Shrubby 

 smooth : leaves petioled, ovate, triple-nerved, obtuse, quite 

 entire, very smooth ; thyrse terminal ; calix four-leaved, 

 smooth. A very smooth shrub, resembling the Laurustina ; 

 border of the corolla larger than the tube, four-toothed. 

 Native of Mexico. 



9. Cacalia Cordifolia ; Heart-leaved Cacalia. Shrubby, hir- 

 sute: leaves petioled, cordate-ovate, nerved, acute, scabrous; 

 calix four-leaved, four-flowered, pubescent. This and the 

 preceding species agree so exactly in the flower, and are so 

 remarkable in thefour-fold division of the calix and the num- 

 ber of the floscules, that they might very well make a sepa- 

 rate genus. Observed by Mutis in South America. 



10. Cacalia Asclepiadea ; Asclepias-like Cacalia. Shrubby, 

 tomentose : leaves petioled, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, 

 very smooth above, tomentose beneath, the edges rolled 

 back ; panicles terminal ; stems round, hoary, with a soft 

 nap, straight. This herb has the appearance of an Asclepias, 

 Found by Mutis in South America. 



11. Cacalia Appendiculata ; Ear-leaved Cacalia. Shrubby 

 tomentose : leaves cordate, ovate, acute, angular, tomentose 

 beneath ; petioles with leafy appendicles ; stem angular, to- 



'inentose, hoary ; flowers yellow. Found by Francis Masson, 

 in watery places of the island of Teneriffe. 



12. Cacalia Tomentosa ; Woolly-leaved Cacalia. Shrubby, 

 tomentose : leaves lanceolate, toothed, tomentose beneath, 

 sessile. Found at the Cape by Thunberg. 



** Herbaceous. 



13. Cacalia Porophyllum ; Perforated Cacalia. Stem her- 

 baceous, undivided ; leaves elliptic, subcrenate. The stem 

 is from eight inches to a foot in height, round, slender. It 

 flowers from June till October, is an annual plant, and a native 

 of America. This, and the thirtieth species, (RttderalisJ 

 differ from the genus in their habit, and in having a subtur- 

 binate calix ; but have no other generic distinctions sepa- 

 rating them from the rest of the genus. 



14 Cacalia Sonchifolia ; Sowthistle-leaved Cacalia. Stem 

 herbaceous ; leaves lyrate, stem-clasping, toothed ; root an - 

 nual. Flowers few, the size of Groundsel. This plant is 

 much used both in the medicine and economy of the Indians ; 

 as it is esteemed to be detergent, and the young leaves are 

 eaten raw in salads. It flowers in July, and the seeds ripen 

 in September. Native of the East Indies, Ceylon, Amboyna, 

 China, Cochin-china ; and, according to Mr. Miller, seeds of 

 it have been received from the Spanish West Indies. This 

 species is propagated by seeds, which, if sown in the autumn, 

 soon after they are ripe, in a pot, and plunged into the tan- 

 bed in a stove, will more certainly succeed than those sown 

 in the spring; but where there is not such a convenience, the 

 seeds should be sown upon a hot-bed in the spring, and when 

 the plants are fit to remove, they should be planted on another 

 hot-bed to bring them forward, shading them till they have 

 taken new root, after which air should be daily admitted to 

 them in proportion to the warmth of the season. AVhen the 

 plants have acquired strength, they should be planted in pots, 

 and either plunged into a moderate hot-bed under a deep 

 frame, or placed in a glass-case, where they will flower and 

 perfect their seeds. 



15. Cacalia Incana ; Hoary Cacalia. Stem herbaceous, 

 erect; leaves lanceolate, toothed. Native of the East Indies. 



16. Cacalia Saracenica ; Creeping-rooted Cacalia. Stem 

 herbaceous ; lea ves lanceolate, serrate, decurrent : the bractes 

 are bristle-shaped. Native of the south of France : it flowers 

 from August to October. 



17. Cacalia Hastata ; Spear-leaved Cacalia. Stem herba- 

 ceous ; leaves three-lobed, acuminate, serrate ; flowers nod- 

 ding ; root perennial. The stem is covered with a glaucous 

 meal ; and the flowers composed of about five white florets, 

 without the bristle-shaped bractes, except at the subdivi- 

 sions. Observed by Gmelin and Pallas in Siberia. 



18. Cacalia Suaveolens ; Sweet-scented Cacalia. Stem her- 

 baceous, upright ; leaves hastate-sagittate, toothletted ; pe- 

 tioles dilated at top. This has a perennial creeping root, 

 sending out many stalks; it smells very sweet when dry. 

 Native of Virginia and Canada, flowering in August, and 

 ripening its seeds in October. The roots of it which have 

 been cast out of the Chelsea garden, having been carried by 

 the tide to a great distance, have lodged on the banks of 

 the river, and fastened themselves to the ground, where they 

 have increased so much, that in a few years this plant may 

 appear to be a native of this country. Both this and the 

 nineteenth species multiply greatly by their spreading roots, 

 and also by the seeds, which are wafted to a great distance 

 by the wind. The roots should be transplanted in autumn; 

 it requires a moist soil and an open situation. 



19. Cacalia Atriplicifolia ; Orach-leaved Cacalia. Stem 

 herbaceous ; leaves subcordate, tooth-sinuate ; calices five- 

 flowered ; root perennial, composed of many fleshy spreading 

 tubers, sending out several strong stems in the spring, fouror 

 five feet high ; flowers in a terminal loose corymb, small, ob- 

 long, of a pale reddish colour. It flowers in August, and is 

 a native of Virginia and Canada. 



3O. Cacalia Alpina; Alpine Cacalia. Leaves reniform, 



