216 



C A C 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



C A C 



cordate, acute, toothletted ; root perennial ; stem a foot and 

 half high and more, leafy, atid branching at intervals. Haller, 

 besides the two principal varieties of this species, the smooth 

 and the tomentose, mentions that it is found with white 1 

 florets, and with leaves deeply cut. Mr. Miller makes two 

 species of it : the first, or rough sort, he calls al/iina; the 

 second, or smooth sort, glabra. Monsieur Villars lias three 

 species, besides varieties ; but Allioni considers them all as 

 one species: smooth, insubalpine moistish situations, among 

 bushes; hirsute, or very hairy, in loftier, cold, rocky, alpine 

 situations ; tomentose or cottony, among stones in open situa- 

 tions on the higher Alps. He adds, that he has observed the 

 tomentose variety to become hirsute, when cultivated in a 

 garden. Native of Switzerland, Mount Jura, Dauphiny, 

 Piedmont, Austria, and Carniola. It is propagated by part- 

 ing the roots, for it seldom produces good seeds in Eng- 

 land ; the best time to do this is in autumn : it requires a 

 loamy soil and a shady situation. 



21. Cacalia Echinata. Herbaceous : leaves remform, cor- 

 date, angular-toothed, tomentose beneath ; leaflets of the 

 calix tubercled. Observed by Masson in the island of Tene- 

 riffe, on precipices near the coast. 



93. Cacalia Albifrons ; Wlute-leaved Cacalia. Herbaceous : 

 leaves cordate, biserrate, acute, tomentose beneath; stipules 

 oblong, rounded. This is a singular plant, and very distinct 

 from the others, in having two leaves at the base of the pe- 

 tioles, resembling stipules ; they are sessile, oblong, slightly 

 toothletted, and tomentose beneath. Native of Austria. 



23. Cacalia Bipinnata ; liipinnale-leaved Cacalia. Herba- 

 ceous : leaves bipinnate, linear ; stem upright, streaked 

 even. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 



24. Cacalia Acaulis ; Stemless Cacalia. Stemless : leaves 

 seniicoluninur ; scapes one-flowered. Found by Thunberg 

 at the Cape of Good Hope. 



25. Cacalia Radicans ; Rooting Cacalia. Herbaceous, 

 creeping, rooting : leaves columnar ovate, fleshy. Found 

 by Thunberg at the Cape of Good Hope. 



26. Cacalia Articulate; Joint-stalked Cacalia. Fleshy: 

 stem decumbent, jointed , lower leaves hastate, upper lyrate. 

 This is an elegant plant, smooth and glaucous, of an unplea- 

 sant balsamic flavour: it flowers in November, and was found 

 by Masson at the Cape of Good Hope. 



27. Cacalia Lutea; Yellow Cacalia. Stem heroaceous; 

 leaves five-parted, acute, glaucous beneath ; Dowers terminal, 

 on very long peduncles. This species grows naturally at St. 

 Helena ; the roots spread and increase under the surface; the 

 leaves arise immediately from the root, having very short foot- 

 stalks. The flower-stalk arises between the leaves, immedi- 

 ately from the roots ; this is naked, about eight inches high, 

 terminated by six or eight yellow compound flowers, stand- 

 ing on long foot-stalks, almost in an umbel ; the flowers are 

 succeeded by oblong seeds, which rarely ripen in England. 



28. Cacalia Carnosa ; Narrow-leaved Cacalia. Stem 

 shrubby ; leaves roundish, fleshy, bent in ; peduncles ter- 

 minating, one-flowered, naked ; itflowersinJune. Native of 

 the Cape of Good Hope. It increases fast by the roots, which 

 may be parted either in the beginning of September or the 

 end of March, and should be planted in pots filled with light 

 earth, and plunged into the tan-bed in the stove, where it 

 should be constantly kept, being too tender to thrive else- 

 where in this climate. 



29. Cacalia Scandens ; Climbing Cacalia. Stem herbaceous, 

 'limbing leaves sagittate, toothed ; petioles simple. It 

 flowers in April, and is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. 



30. Cacalia Ruderalis. Stem herbaceous, branched; leaves 

 lanceolate, entire, glaucous. This is an annual plant, upright, 



not more than three feet high, very smooth, panicled; flowers 

 void of scent, with a green calix, and a corolla green and 

 yellow mixed. Native of St. Domingo and Martinico. 



31. Cacalia Procumbens. Stem suffruticose, procumbent ; 

 leaves ovate, lanceolate, subserrate, fleshy ; racemes elon- 

 gated, interrupted ; steins perennial, nine feet high, procum- 

 bent, round, equal, smooth, succulent, branched. Native of 

 China and Cochin-china, where it is used as a potherb. 



32. Cacalia Bulbosa. Leaves radical, lyrate ; stem almost 

 naked ; panicle few-flowered ; root a roundish, knotted, per- 

 ennial bulb. Native of China and Cochin-china. This plant 

 is emollient, refrigerant, and resolvent, used chiefly exter- 

 nally in resolving tumors ; and in the erysipelas, as a cata- 

 plasm ; the juice of the leaves in inflammations of the eyes, 

 and as a gargarism in the inflammation of the fauces. 



33. Cacalia Pinnatilida. Leaves pinnatifid ; segments lan- 

 ceolate, serrate; stem two feet high, upright, thick; flow- 

 ers yellow, in a terminating panicle, few together. Native 

 of China, among rice near Canton. 



Cachrys; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Digynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : umbel universal, mani- 

 fold ; partial similar ; involucre universal, many-leaved, 

 linear-lanceolate ; partial similar; perianth proper scarcely 

 observable. Corolla: universal, uniform; floscules all uni- 

 form; proper of five, lanceolate, almost upright, equal flat- 

 tish petals. Stamina: filamenta five, simple, the length of 

 the corolla; anthers simple. Pistil: germen turbinate, 

 inferior; styles two, simple, the length of the corolla; stigma 

 headed. Pericarp : fruit subovate, angular, obtuse, very 

 large, suberous-cortical, splitting in two. Seeds : two, very 

 large, very convex on one side, flat on the other, fungous, 

 with solitary ovate-oblong kernel. ESSKXTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Fruit subovate, angular, suberous-cortical. All the plants 

 of this genus are propagated by seeds, which should be sown 

 soon after they are ripe, for if they are kept out of the ground 

 till the following spring, they often miscarry, and when they 

 succeed, they never come up until the spring after ; so that 

 by sowing them in autumn, a whole year is saved, and the 

 seeds seldom miscarry. The seeds should be sown on a 

 shady border, where the plants are to remain, for as they 

 have long tap-roots, they will not bear transplanting so 

 well as many other kinds ; the distance three feet apart, so 

 that if each kind is sown in a drill, when the plants are 

 come up they may be thinned, leaving two of the most pro- 

 mising plants of each kind to remain. These plants will 

 begin to appear early in April, when they must be carefully 

 cleared from weeds; and in dry weather, if they are gently 

 watered while young, it will greatly promote their growth; 

 after which time they will require no farther care but to keep 

 them clean from weeds, and every spring to dig the ground 

 carefully between them. These plants decay to the ground 

 every autumn, and come up again in the spring ; they com- 

 monly flower in the beginning of June, and their seeds are 

 ripe in September. Their roots sometimes run down three or 

 four feet deep in the earth, provided the soil be light, and are 

 often as large as Parsnips : they will continue many years, 

 and if the soil be moist and rich, they will annually produce 

 good seeds. The species are, 



1. Cachrys Libanotis ; Smooth-seeded Cachrys. Leaves su- 

 perdecompound ; leaflets spreading, acuminate; seeds ovate, 

 furrowed, unarmed. The whole plant has an aromatic sweet 

 smell, and is esteemed carminative, astringent, and anti- 

 icteric. Native of Sicily, the south of France, and Harbary. 



2. Cachrys Sicula ; Hairy-seeded Cachrys. Leaves super- 

 decompound, with filiform leaflets: flowers yellow; seeds 

 roundish,ovate, grooved, wrinkled. Native of Spain and Sicily. 



