C A L 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



C A L 



225 



perly saved ; but the two childing Marigolds, and the largest 

 double, are subject to degenerate, where care is not token 

 in saving their seeds : the best way to preserve the varie- 

 ties, is to pull up all those plants, whose flowers are less 

 double, as soon as they appear, and to save the seeds from 

 the largest and most double flowers ; the childing sort should 

 be sown by itself in a separate part of the garden, and the 

 seeds saved from the large centre flowers only, not from the 

 smaller ones which come from the calix of the other, for the 

 seeds of these are apt to change. The seeds may be sown 

 in March or April where the plants are to remain, and will 

 require no other culture but to keep them clean from weeds, 

 and to thin the plants where they are too close, leaving them 

 ten inches asunder, that their branches may have room to 

 spread. These plants will begin to flower in June, and 

 continue in flower until the frost kills them. The seeds 

 ripen in August and September, which, if permitted to scat- 

 ter, will furnish a supply of young plants in the spring; 

 but as these will be a mixture of bad and good, the best 

 method is to save the best seeds, and sow each of the 

 varieties distinct, which is the sure way to have them in 

 perfection. 



4. Calendula Pluvialis ; Small Cape Marigold. Leaves 

 lanceolate, sinuate-toothletted ; stem leafy ; peduncles fili- 

 form. Root annual ; lower leaves deeply indented on their 

 edges, fleshy, and of a pale green colour ; stems declining from 

 six to eight inches long, leafy to within two inches of the top ; 

 stem-leaves much narrower and more indented than those of 

 the root ; upper part of the stem very slender, upon which 

 stands one flower shaped like those of the common Marigold, 

 having a purple bottom, with the ray of a violet colour on 

 the outside, and of a pure white within : it opens when the 

 sun shines, but shuts up in the evening, and remains so in 

 cloudy weather ; when the flower decays, it hangs down 

 during the growth of the seeds, but when they are full ripe 

 the peduncle is raised again, so that the heads of the seeds 

 stand upright. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, 

 and flowers from June to August. The seeds of this 

 and the two next sorts, should be sown in the spring, in the 

 borders of the garden where the plants are designed to re- 

 main, for they do not bear transplanting well ; therefore 

 they may be treated in the same manner, and sown at the 

 same time, with Candy-tuft, Venus Looking-glass, and other 

 hardy annual plants, putting four or five seeds in each patch ; 

 if they all grow, there should not be more than two plants 

 left in each patch ; after this, they require no farther care 

 but to keep them clean from weeds. If the seeds of these 

 plants be permitted to scatter, the plants will come up the 

 following spring without care, and these will flower earlier 

 than those which are sown in the spring. 



5. Calendula Hybrida; Hybridous or Great Cape Mari- 

 gold. Leaves lanceolate, toothed ; stem leafy ; peduncles 

 thickened at the top. Root annual ; leaves much longer than 

 in the foregoing, and broader at the end ; those near the 

 root are regularly indented, but the stem-leaves have only a 

 faw shallow indentures ; flowers smaller, but of the same 

 colour. Native of the Cape. See the preceding species. 



6. Calendula Nudicaulis ; Naked-stalked Cape Marigold. 

 Leaves lanceolate, sinuate-toothed; stem almost naked. This 

 is also an annual plant, and has much the appearance of the 

 fourth, but the leaves are more deeply indented on their edges. 

 It flowers from June to August, and is a native of the Cape. 

 See the fourth species. 



7. Calendula Graminifolia ; Grass-leaved Marigold. Leaves 

 linear, almost entire ; stems almost naked, one-flowered ; 

 seeds subcordate, orbiculate, even. This is a perennial plant, 



VOL. i. 19. 



which divides near the root into several tufted heads, closely 

 covered with long grassy leaves coming out on every side 

 without order; some of these have one or two indentures on 

 their edges, but the most part are entire. From between 

 the leaves arise naked peduncles, about nine inches long, 

 sustaining one flower at the top, which is about the size of 

 the common Marigold, having a purple bottom ; the rays are 

 also purple without, but of a pure white wirfjin; these ex- 

 pand when the sun shines, but always close in the evening 

 and in cloudy weather. The general season of their beauty 

 is in April and May, when they have the greatest number of 

 flowers upon them ; but there is commonly a succession of 

 flowers late in the autumn, though not in so great plenty. 

 The seeds are heart-shaped, like those of the foregoing. 

 They were brought from the Cape in 1698. Though this 

 plant has been long in the English gardens, it has not been 

 so often seen there as it deserves, there being few which 

 continue so long in flower. It does not often produce good 

 seeds in Europe, but is easily propagated by slips taken off 

 from the heads, in the same manner as is practised for Thrift ; 

 they may be planted any time in summer, in pots filled with 

 light fresh earth, which may be plunged into a very mode- 

 rate hot-bed, to forward theiv putting out roots ; or other- 

 wise the pots may be sunk in the ground up to their rims, 

 and covered with a melon-glass, which, in the middle of 

 summer, will answer full as well, but in the spring or au- 

 tumn the former method is to be preferred : when these are 

 planted, the glasses must be shaded in the heat of the day, and 

 the slips must be frequently refreshed with water, but it must 

 not be given them too liberally, for much wet will rot them ; 

 after they have got strong roots, they should be each planted 

 into small pots, filled with fresh light earth, and placed in 

 a sheltered situation, where they may remain till autumn, and 

 then should be placed in a dry airy glass-case, for the winter 

 season, or under a common hot-bed frame ; for these plants 

 do not thrive in an artificial heat, they only require protec- 

 tion from frost and wet, and should enjoy the air at all times 

 when the weather is mild. 



8. Calendula Fruticosa ; Shrubby Marigold. Leaves ob- 

 ovate, a little toothed ; stem shrubby, decumbent. This has 

 a slender shrubby stalk rising to the height of seven or 

 eight feet, but requiring support ; it sends out a great num- 

 ber of weak branches from the bottom to the top, hanging 

 downwards; the leaves are on short footstalks ; most of them 

 are slightly indented towards the top, but some are entire ; 

 they are of a shining green colour on the upper surface, 

 but paler underneath : the flowers come out at the ends of 

 the branches on short naked peduncles. Native of the Cape 

 of Good Hope. It is easily propagated by cuttings, which 

 may be planted any time in summer in a shady border, or 

 otherwise shaded with mats in the heat of the day ; in five 

 or six weeks these will have taken root, when they should be 

 carefully taken up, and each put into a separate pot filled 

 with light sandy earth, but not dunged, and placed in the 

 shade till they have taken fresh root ; then they may be 

 placed with other hardy exotic plants in a sheltered situation, 

 where they may remain till the frost begins, when they must 

 be removed into the green-house, placing them near the 

 windows, that they may enjoy the free air, for they only 

 require protection from frost. The earth in which they are 

 planted should be light, but very poor ; for in rich earth they 

 grow too luxuriantly, and seldom flower. 



9. Calendula Stellata ; Starry Marigold. Five outer seeds 

 boat-shaped, smooth ; five alternate horned, patulous, muri- 

 cate ; the rest screw-shaped. Root annual ; stem three 

 feet high ; leaves bright green. Cultivated in Madrid, 



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