C A L 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



C A L 



227 



should be covered with old tan to keep out the frost, and 

 their tops protected with straw, pease haulm, or fern. 



2. Callicarpa Tomentosa. Leaves quite entire, woolly. 

 This is a singular tree, which has no parallel : a thick nap in- 

 vests the branches, peduncles, and petioles, like woollen 

 cloth; leaves ovate, the size of the hand, opposite, acuminate, 

 coriaceous, wrinkled, naked, petioled ; peduncles axillary, 

 solitary, dichotomous, the length of the petioles, divaricated ; 

 corolla four-petalled ; filamenta inserted into the receptacle ; 

 berry the size of a pepper-corn, black, terminated by the 

 stigma, which is pale-coloured, within the calix, which is 

 white with down, orbicular, scarcely toothed, or very ob- 

 scurely four-toothed, spreading very wide : the berry is one- 

 celled, and contains four bony seeds, convex on one side, on 

 the other concave, with an obscurely elevated ridge. The 

 Indians chew the bark of this tree when they have not the 

 leaves of the betel. Native of the East Indies. 



3. Callicarpa Japonica. Leaves serrate, smooth ; stem 

 shrubby, erect, smooth ; branches opposite, round, smooth, 

 purple, divaricated ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ob- 

 long, acuminate, entire at the base and point, green above, 

 pale beneath, nerved, two inches long ; flowers above, axil- 

 lary, panicled, very small. Native of Japan. 



4. Callicarpa Ferruginea. Leaves broad-lanceolate, ser- 

 rate, somewhat rugged underneath ; cymes terminating and 

 axillary. Native of Jamaica. 



5. Callicarpa Reticulata. Leaves elliptic, lanceolate, sub- 

 serrate, wrinkled, tomentose hoary underneath. Native of 

 Jamaica. 



6. Callicarpa Umbellata. Leaves turbinate, ovate, smooth, 

 alternate, umbels sessile. This is a middle-sized tree, with 

 ascending branches ; leaves quite entire, reflex at the edge ; 

 flowers herbaceous, small, in coloured umbels, almost at 

 the ends of the branches ; berry fleshy, roundish, small, 

 containing four seeds. Native of Cochin-china, in woods. 



7. Callicarpa Triloba. Stem scandent ; leaves three-lobed ; 

 peduncles dichotomous. A long branching shrub, climbing 

 by bifid tendrils ; leaves cordate, serrate, smooth, on long 

 petioles ; flowers axillary, pale ; berry roundish, four-seeded. 

 Native both of China and Cochin-china. 



CaUigonum; a genus of the class Dodecandria, order Te- 

 tragynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one- 

 leafed, turbinate at the base, with a five-parted border ; 

 parts nearly equal, roundish, spreading, finally obscurely 

 turned back, permanent, the two outer a little smaller than 

 the rest. Corolla: none, unless the calix be taken for it. 

 Stamina: filamenta about sixteen, diverging, capillary, at 

 bottom thickened a little and pubescent, surrounding the 

 germen like a nectary, with their slightly coalescent base, 

 withering ; antherae roundish, two-celled, peltate. Pistil : 

 germen superior, ovate, four-sided, acuminate ; styles three 

 or more, frequently four, filiform, spreading, subcoalescent 

 as the base, or ending in an acumen of the germen, scarcely 

 shorter than the filamenta; stigmas capitate. Pericarp: 

 none, except the crust or shell of the nut. Seed: nut with 

 a juiceless inseparable crust or rind, oblong, fouf-sided, four- 

 winged, one-celled, valveless ; the wings either membrana- 

 ceous longitudinally, two-parted, toothed, curled, or bristly ; 

 the bristles branched, rigid, but soft ; nucleus or kernel of 

 the same form. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: five-parted. 

 Corolla . none ; filamenta about sixteen, slightly united at 

 the base. Germen : superior, four-sided. Nut : one-celled, 



with a crust that has several wings, or many bristles. 



The species are, 



1. CaUigonum Polygonoides. Fruit latticed; bristles 

 branched, rigid. A shrub three or four feet in height, very 

 bushy, and extending on every side ; the trunk, crooked, 



hard, brittle, the thickness of the arm, divided into crooked 

 branches, subdivided into twigs, whence instead of leaves 

 spring cylindric threads, composed of jointed pieces ; the 

 flowers are in the form of basins, cut into five parts to the 

 middle, where they are pale green, the rest is white ; from 

 the bottom of the basin rises an angular pistil a line and half 

 in length, surrounded with white filamenta, which have 

 purple anthera? ; each flower is supported by a very Slender 

 and short peduncle : the fruit is about half an inch long, and 

 four lines thick, of a conical figure, deeply channelled longi- 

 tudinally ; the channels are sometimes straight, sometimes 

 spiral ; the angles are terminated by wings cut into very fine 

 fringes ; the pulpy part is white and angular. The flowers 

 smell like those of the lime-tree, are long in withering, and 

 continue at the base of the fruit. Found in Armenia, at the 

 foot of mount Ararat, by Tournefort. 



2. CaUigonum Comosum. Fruits latticed; bristles branched, 

 soft. Found in Egypt and Barbary. 



3. CaUigonum Pallasia. Fruits winged ; wings membra- 

 naceous, curled. A shrub three or four feet high, with many 

 alternate, round, reclining, flexuose, jointed, somewhat 

 knotty, leafless branches ; the shoots at each joint are 

 numerous, (six to ten,) much crowded in bundles, rushy, 

 some simple, others branched ; few of these become branahes, 

 but most of them perish ; they are subulate jointed, bright 

 green, or somewhat glaucous ; at each joint of the roots is 

 a single leaf, fleshy, half an inch long, placed alternately ; 

 flowers lateral or axillary, usually three together at each joint, 

 peduncled, white, with the disk of the calycine segments 

 greenish, fragrant. With us it flowers in August. It was 

 found by Pallas in the sandy deserts of Siberia, between the 

 Volga and the Jaick, flowering in June. 



Cnll'ma ; a genus of the class Triandria, order Monogynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth three -leaved ; 

 leaflets linear-lanceolate, keeled, erect, permanent. Corolla : 

 petals three, lanceolate, acuminate, erect, spreading at the 

 top, the length of the calix. Stamina : filamenta three, ca- 

 pillary, longer than the corolla, dilated at the top into a 

 roundish lamina ; antherae double, globular, fixed to the 

 inside of the lamina. Pistil: germen superior, oblong, com- 

 pressed; style capillary, the length of the stamina; stigmas 

 three, spreading, pencil-form. Pericarp : capsule ovate ; 

 compressed, acute, two-celled, two-valved, the valves con- 

 trary. Seeds.- two, roundish. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: 

 three-leaved. Petals : three. Anthera : double. Capsule ; 

 two-celled. The only known species is, 



]. Callisia Repens ; Creeping Callisia. Herbaceous, ten- 

 der, creeping from the joints, rather erect at top, a little 

 branching at the base, smooth; leaves ovate, acuminate, sub- 

 cordate at the base, quite entire, thickish, shining fat, 

 sheathing, the edge purple, alternate ; flowers small, tender, 

 sessile, greenish, generally three together from each sheath 

 of the lower leaves. Native of the West Indies, in low moist 

 shady places. In England it flowers in June and July. 



Callitriche ; a genus of the class Monandria, order Digy- 

 nia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: none. Corolla: petals 

 two, incurved, acuminate, channelled, opposite. Stamina : 

 filamenta one, long, recurved; anthersg simple. Pistil: 

 germen roundish ; styles two, capillary, recurved ; stigmas 

 acute. Pericarp: capsule roundish, quadrangular, com- 

 pressed, two-celled. Seeds: solitary, oblong. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Calix : none ; petals two. Capsule : two- 

 celled, four-seeded. The species are, 



1. Callitriche Verna ; Vernal Starwort, or Star-headed 

 Water duckweed. Upper leaves oval ; flowers androgynous. 

 Stem long, round, branching, rooting ; leaves in pairs, the 

 upper ones radiating, and floating on the surface of the water ; 



