C A L 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



CAM 



situation, and may be allowed room where few other plants 

 will thrive : during the season of flowering, it will afford an 

 agreeable variety. The Marsh-marigold with double flowers 

 does not appear so early in the spring as the single, but con- 

 tinues much longer in beauty : it flowers from May to the 

 middle of June. 



Calycanthus ; a genus of the class Icosandria, order Poly- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leaved, 

 pitcher-shaped, squarrose ; leaflets coloured, lanceolate, the 

 superior ones gradually larger, resembling petals. Corolla-. 

 none, except the calycine folioles, representing petals. 

 Stamina : filamenta numerous, subulate, inserted into the 

 neck of the calix ; antherae oblong, furrowed, growing to 

 the top of the filamenta. Pistil : germen a great many, 

 ending in subulate compressed styles of the length of the 

 stamina; stigmas glandulous. Pericarp: none; the calix 

 being thickened, obovate, and berried. Seeds: very many," 

 tailed. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: one-leafed, pitcher- 

 forrn, squarrose, with coloured leaflets. Corolla : calycine. 

 Styles: very many, with a glandulous stigma. Seeds: 



very many, tailed, within a succulent calix. The species 



are, 



1. Calycanthus Floridus ; Carolina Allspice. Inner petals 

 longer than the outer. This shrub arrives at the height of 

 eight or ten feet where it grows naturally, but it seldom 

 rises more than four feet high in this country, dividing into 

 many slender branches near the ground, covered with a browu 

 aromatic bark, with two entire leaves placed opposite at every 

 joint on short foot-stalks ; the flowers grow single, on short 

 peduncles at the extremity of the branches ; they have two 

 series of narrow thick petals, which spread open, and turn 

 inward at the top, like those of the Starry Anemone, or the 

 Virgin's Bower ; these are of a dusky purple colour, and have 

 a disagreeable scent ; they appear in May. The bark of 

 this shrub is brown, and has a very strong aromatic odour ; 

 and hence the inhabitants of Carolina call it allspice. There 

 are two varieties of it ; the Long-leaved Carolina allspice, and 

 the Round-leaved Carolina Allspice. It will thrive in the open 

 air in England, if it be planted in a warm situation and dry 

 soil : it is propagated by laying down the young branches, 

 which will take root in one year, and may then be taken from 

 the mother-plant, and set where they are designed to remain 

 for they do not bear transplanting well after they are grown 

 to any size. When the layers are transplanted, the surface 

 of the ground should be covered with mulch, to prevent the 

 drying winds from penetrating the ground to the roots ; 

 and if the season prove dry, they must be watered once a 

 week, but should not have too much wet, for that will rot 

 their tender fibres : the best time for laying down the branches 

 is in autumn, but they should not be transplanted till the 

 spring, twelve months after ; for the spring is the safest time 

 to remove these plants. After the branches are laid down, 

 there should be some old tanner's bark laid upon the surface 

 to keep out the frost, which should also be done every winter 

 whilst the plants are young. 



2. Calycanthus Prwcox ; Japan Allspice. Inner petals 

 minute. Native of Japan. 



Calyptranthes ; a genus of the class Icosandria, order Mo- 

 nogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one- 

 leafed, bell-shaped, truncate, toothless, or very obscurely 

 four- toothed, superior, permanent, covered with an orbicular, 

 concave, deciduous lid. Corolla : none. Stamina : fila- 

 menta very many, capillary, inserted into the inside of the 

 calix at the rim; anthera? roundish, twin, small. Pistil: 

 germen roundish, fastened to the bottom of the calix, two- 

 celled, with a few seeds fixed to the partition ; style simple, 



VOL. i. 20, 



filiform, bent in the length of the stamina; stigma blunt. 

 Pericarp : berry globular or oblong, crowned with the cali^, 

 one-celled. Seed: single, or few, slightly angular. ESSEN- 

 TIAL CHARACTER. Calix : superior, truncate, covered with a 

 veil-shaped deciduous lid. Corolla : none. Berry : one- 

 celled, one 10 four seeded. The species are, 



Calyptranthes Chytraculia, Arboreous : peduncles ter- 

 minating, panicled, trichotomous, tomentose; leaves ovate, 

 attenuated at the tip. The leaves of this tree are smooth 

 and opposite ; the lid is fastened to the calix laterally, but 

 afterwards turns back, and then the filamenta issue forth, 

 which had been before twisted and concealed. It is reckoned 

 an excellent timber tree, but it seldom exceeds fourteen or 

 fifteen inches in diameter. Native of Jamaica. 



2. Calyptranthes Zuzygium. Arborescent; peduncles ax- 

 illary, trichotomous, patulous ; leaves ovate, blunt ; branches 

 dichotomous. This shrub seldom rises above ten or twelve 

 feet in height; the whole is bushy, and bears black berries, 

 crowned with the margin of the cup; these contain four 

 smooth slightly angular seeds, one or two only usually ar- 

 rive at maturity ; the style is longer than the stamina, and 

 the stigma is acute. Native of Jamaica. 



3. Calyptranthes Rigida. Arborescent : peduncles soli- 

 tary, axillary, three-flowered, or thereabouts ; leaves ovate 

 acute, convex, veinless, rigid. Native of Jamaica. 



4. Calyptranthes Jainbolifera. Leaves ovate, emarginate; 

 corymb terminating. This is a tree above the middle size, 

 with spreading branches, the smaller ones brachiate \ berry 

 black, esculent. Native of the East Indies and China. 



5. Calyptranthes Odorata. Leaves ovate, obliquely trun- 

 cate at the base ; corymbs terminating, distich. This is a 

 small tree, about five feet high, with a very straight single 

 stem, and brachiate branches ; the young leaves are put into 

 salads, and are not unpleasant. Berry white, dotted. Lou- 

 reiro observed it in the gardens of Cochin-china. 



6. Calyptranthes Resinosa. Leaves oblong ; peduncles 

 lateral. This is a middle sized tree, with spreading branches 

 and a very tough resinous bark; leaves quite entire; flowers 

 white, on many-flowered axillary peduncles ; berry round- 

 ish, small, black, four-celled. Native of Cochin-china ; 

 where the fishermen dye their nets in a strong decoction of 

 the root, to prevent them from rotting. 



Camax: a genus of the class Pentandria, order Monogy- 

 ia.-^GENEHic CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafe;!, 

 five-parted ; parts roundish. Corolla: one-petalled, wheel- 

 shaped ; tube very short ; border five-p:irted ; parts round- 

 ish, villose above. Stamina: filamenta five, inserted into the 

 corolla between the segments, villose. Pistil: germen 

 roundish-, villose, superior; style capillary ; stigmas three or 

 four, sharp. Pericarp : berry ovate, villose, four-celled. 

 Seeds: very many, nestling in a viscid pulp. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Corolla : wheel-shaped ; filamenta inserted 

 between the segments of the corolla. Berry: four-celled, 

 many-seeded ; all villose. The only species known is, 



1. Camax Guianensis. This is a shrub, growing to the 

 height of twelve or fifteen feet, with a simple, knotty, cy^in- 

 dric stem ; leaves many, in whorls at the joints, declining un- 

 equally, pinnate, with six alternate leaflets, which are sessile, 

 oval, acuminate, the largest of them ten inches long and three 

 broad, and a little above each of them is a small spine issu- 

 ing from the midrib ; the flowers are sessile, in great num- 

 bers at the base of the leaves, and in the intervals between 

 them. It is called bois gaulete by the Creoles, and aroupou- 

 ron by the Coussaris, one of the nations of Guiana, where it 

 is a native, and flowers in January. The inhabitants and ne- 

 groes use the brandies of this shrub for wattling their huts. 

 3N 



