234 



CAM 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



CAM 



** Leaves rugged, broader. 



22. Campanula Latifolia; Broad-leaved Bell-flower, or Giant 

 Throatwort. Leaves ovate, lanceolate ; stem very simple, 

 columnar ; flowers solitary, peduncled ; fruit drooping. Stem 

 three feet high and more, angular, smooth, not branching ; 

 leaves sharply serrate, on short petioles, hirsute ; flowers 

 axillary, one or two together, on peduncles shorter than the 

 leaf ; corolla very large, blue, the segments triangular, di- 

 vided by a line : the fruit compels the peduncle to bend down 

 beneath its weight. The whole plant abounds with milky 

 liquor ; it varies with purple, and with white flowers. It 

 grows naturally in the northern parts of England, in Flint- 

 shire, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Piedmont, 

 &c. flowering in July and Ausrust. It is perennial, and easily 

 propagated by seeds, which it furnishes in great plenty ; if 

 these be suffered to scatter, the plants will come up abun- 

 dantly the following spring, when they may be removed into 

 the nursery till autumn, at which time they should be trans- 

 planted whither they are intended to remain. As this sort 

 delights in shade, the plants may be placed under trees, or 

 in shady borders, where few better things will thrive, and 

 they will there afford an agreeable variety when in flower. 



23. Campanula Rapunculoides ; Jtampion-like Bell-flower. 

 Leaves cordate-lanceolate ; stem branching ; flowers one- 

 ranked, scattered ; calices reflex. The throat of the corolla is 

 not very hairy; the root creeps prodigiously, and is said to 

 be esculent. Native of France, Germany, Austria, Switzer- 

 land, and Piedmont. Ray noticed it about Geneva, towards 

 Gex, and on Mont Saleve. It is perennial, affects a dry soil, 

 and flowers in July and August. 



24. Campanula Bononiensis ; Bologna or Panicled Bell- 

 flower. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, rugged beneath, sessile ; 

 stem panicled. It grows to the height of three feet and 

 more, with many ascending conjugate branches ; leaves 

 stem-clasping, almost cordate, villose, with a white nap be- 

 neath, but not rough, moderately serrate ; the same under 

 the flowers, which come out on almost naked branches, 

 and at the top of the stem, the lower ones on erect short 

 peduncles, three together, the upper ones sessile, in the 

 axillas solitary or two together, at the top of the stem very 

 numerous but small, forming a spike ; they are of a violet 

 colour. Native of Bologna, Monte Baldo, Austria, Switzer- 

 land, and Piedmont : it is perennial. 



25. Campanula Graminifolia ; Grass-leaved Bell-flower. 

 Leaves linear-subulate ; head terminal. Stems extremely 

 simple, scarcely longer than the leaves ; leaves very narrow, 

 like grass ; flowers facicled into a head with ovate bractes, 

 subulate at top ; stigma bifid. Native of Italy, in the moun- 

 tains of Abruzzo near Sulmone, and Monte Vergine. 



26. Campanula Cineria. Erect, tomento.se ; leaves subu- 

 late, entire, erect, approximating; flowers solitary, terminal. 

 Native of the Cape. 



27. Campiinula Hispidula. Hispid ; flowers erect ; calices 

 the length of the corolla. Stem branching, a hand high, 

 and hispid, more branching at top ; leaves alternate, linear, 

 acuminate, ciliate, especially the midrib ; calices subsessile, 

 terminal, linear, with the keel ciliate ; corolla funnel-form ; 

 stigma triiid, annual. Found at the Cape. 



28. Campanula Trachelium ; Great Bell-Jlower, Great 

 Nettle-leaved Throatwort, or Canterbury Bells. Stem angu- 

 lar ; leaves petioled ; calices ciliate ; peduncles triiid. Root 

 perennial ; steins from two to three feet in height, upright, 

 stiff, hairy, angular, the angles membranaceous, putting out a 

 few short side branches ; corolla pale or deep blue, purple or 

 white, spreading very much, hairy within, the segments trian- 

 gular, divided by a hairy line ; when the corolla is double, 



there are no stamina or nectary. The number of flowers 

 varies from one or two to three, four, and even five ; they 

 are large, and nodding. The whole plant contains a juice 

 of a dirty yellow colour. Native of most parts of Europe, 

 and of Japan, in woods and hedges ; flowering in July und 

 August. The double sorts of great Canterbury Bells are pro- 

 pagated by parting their roots in autumn, which should be 

 annually performed, otherwise the flowers are apt to degene- 

 rate to single ; the soil should not be too light or rich in which 

 they are planted, for in either of these they will degenerate ; 

 but in a strong fresh loam their flowers will be in the great- 

 est perfection : these plants, being extremely hardy, may 

 be planted in any situation ; those, however, with single 

 flowers, do not deserve a place in gardens. 



29. Campanula Glomerata; Small or Clustered Bell-flower, 

 or Little Canterbury Bells. Stem angular, simple ; flowers 

 sessile ; head terminal. Root perennial; stem upright, angu- 

 lar, hairy, from six to eighteen inches in height, but varying 

 from two and even three feet in strong soils, down to two 

 inches in lofty dry situations ; seldom or ever branched, un- 

 less when it is eaten down by cattle ; corolla blue, purple, or 

 white, five-cleft tothemiddle, (sometimes four-cleft,) usually 

 villose on the outside, and sometimes on the inside, with 

 white hairs. Native of most parts of Europe, in hilly and 

 dry pastures, particularly in a calcareous soil ; flowering 

 from June to September. This plant is no contemptible 

 ornament for rock work or dry flower-borders ; a moist or 

 rich soil makes it too luxuriant, and renders the flowers 

 pale and degenerate. 



30. Campanula Cervicaria ; Wave-leaved Bell-Jlower. His- 

 pid; flowers sessile; head terminal ; leaves lanceolate, linear, 

 waved. Root biennial. It is a wood plant, native of Swe- 

 den, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Piedmont, Siberia ; 

 flowering in July and August. The root is esculent. This, 

 as well as the fifth and thirty-ninth species, and several 

 others, may be propagated by seeds sown in autumn ; for 

 such as arc sown in spring often fail, or at least lie a year in 

 the ground ; when the plants come up, they should be re- 

 moved into beds, and kept clean from weeds. 



'31. Campanula Thyrsoidea ; Long-spiked Bell-Jlower. His- 

 pid ; raceme ovate oblong, terminal ; stem entirely simple ; 

 leaves lanceolate linear. Root large, woody, biennial ; 

 from which rises a round tuft of rough broad ovate-lanceo- 

 late leaves ; from the centre of these springs a stem eight or 

 ten inches high, unbranched, covered with leaves and flow- 

 ers, the leaves tongue-shaped, longer than the radical ones, 

 equal to the whole stem ; the flowers hirsute, white, or yel- 

 lowish white, long and slender, collected into one very long, 

 ovate cylindric, close terminating spike, leafy at bottom, 

 but naked at top ; sometimes the corolla is cut into four or 

 .six parts, and then there is a proportional number of sta- 

 mina, and two stigmas. In Switzerland it is common in 

 stony alpine meadows ; on the lower mountains it is more 

 rare. It was observed by Ray to grow plentifully on the 

 highest tops of Jura. It is also a native of Germany, Hun- 

 gary, Austria, Carniola, Savoy, and Dauphiny ; and it flowers 

 in July. 



32. Campanula Petrjea ; Great Stone Throatwort. Stem 

 angular, simple ; flowers sessile, headed -glomerate ; leave* 

 tomentose beneath. The stem is upright, rough, hairy, from 

 a foot to two feet in height, beset with flowers from the to)) to 

 below the middle, in alternate distinct bunches, with a leaf 

 between each ; the lower leaves are petioled, the rest are 

 sessile ; they are all bluntish, serrate, rugged on the upper 

 surface, white with nap on the under : the corolla is white, 

 divided into five, (sometimes seven,) sharp spreading seg- 



