CAM 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



CAM 



235 



ments, twirling at the extremity. It was first observed by 

 Pona on Monte Baldo, flowering in August ; and is also a 

 native of Piedmont, Silesia, &c. 

 *** Capsules covered with the reflected Sinuses of the Cali.r. 



33. Campanula Dichotoma ; Diahotomottt liell-flotcer. 

 Capsules five~celled, covered; stem dichotomous ; iiowers 

 drooping. The leaves are oblong, rugged ; and the flowers 

 solitary, from the forks and ends of the branches. 



34. Campanula Medium ; Coventry or Canterbury Belli. 

 Capsules five-celled, covered ; stem undivided, erect, leafy ; 

 flowers erect. Root biennial. Leaves oblong, rough, hairy, 

 serrate, coming out without order from the root, narrowing 

 into a petiole : from the centre of these, the second season, 

 arises a stiff, hairy, furrowed stalk, about two feet high, send- 

 ing out several Literal branches, with long, narrow, hairy, 

 serrate, sessile leaves, placed alternately : from the setting 

 on of these leaves come out the peduncles, those on the 

 lower part of the stem and branches four or five inches long, 

 diminishing gradually in length upwards, and thus forming a 

 sort of pyramid. The flowers are very large, and make a fine 

 appearance ; they are smooth, and the segments turn back at 

 the end ; they come out at the beginning of June, and, if the 

 season be not very hot, will continue a month in beauty ; the 

 seeds ripen in September, and the plants decay soon after. 



According to Hill, the fresh tops of this plant, with the 

 buds of the flowers upon them, contain most virtue, but the 

 dried leaves may be used. An infusion of them, sharpened 

 with a few drops of spirit of vitriol, and sweetened with 

 honey, is an excellent medicine for sore throats, used by 

 way of a gargle. The plant, he says, is so famous for this 

 virtue, that one of its common English names is Throatwort: 

 if the medicine be swallowed, there is no harm in it ; but in 

 the use of every thing this way, it is best to spit the liquor 

 out, together with the foulness which it may have washed 

 from the affected parts. It grows naturally in the woods of 

 Germany, Austria, and Italy ; and is cultivated in the English 

 gardens for the beauty of its flowers, of which there are 

 the following varieties ; blue, purple, white, striped, and 

 double, but the two last are not very common in England. 

 It is propagated by seeds, sown in the spring, upon an open 

 bed of common earth. When the plants are fit to remove, 

 they are to be transplanted into other beds in the flower- 

 nursery, six inches asunder, observing to water them fre- 

 quently till they have taken new root, after which they 

 will require no other culture but to keep them clean from 

 weeds till the following autumn, when they may be trans- 

 planted into the borders of the flower-garden. As these 

 plants perish the second year, young ones should be raised 

 annually for a succession. 



35. Campanula Barbata ; Bearded or One-leafed Bell- 

 flower. Capsules five-celled, covered ; stem quite simple, 



with only one or two leaves ; leaves lanceolate ; corollas 

 bearded. Root perennial, white, large, and woody, fusiform, 

 or rather tuberous, two, three, or more inches in length ; 

 root-leaves many, somewhat rugged, from two to three 

 inches long and upwards, narrowing into flat petioles : 

 from these, arises a simple upright round stem, from six to 

 eighteen inches in length, with very few leaves on it ; and 

 towards the top from three to five, and sometimes ten or 

 eleven, flowers, forming a kind of loose spike ; they are 

 large, solitary, nodding, alternate, and commonly directed 

 one way. Native of the mountains of Italy, Austria, Swit- 

 zerland, Silesia, &c. : it flowers in June and July. 



36. Campanula Spicata ; Spiked Bell-flower. Hispid : 

 spike loose ; flowers alternate ; leaves linear, quite entire. 

 Root biennial, the thickness of a finger, two or three inches 



long, fusiform ; root-leaves linear, lanceolate, quite entire, 

 rough, hairy ; stem leaves like them, but shorter and nar- 

 rowe"r ; stem a foot high, or more, with white stiff hairs, like 

 all other parts of the plant, and alternate branches termi- 

 nating in a very long loose spike, of many sessile, alternate, 

 remote flowers ; calix hoary, with white hairs ; corolla sub- 

 eyliiulric, blue, small in comparison of the plant. Allioni 

 remarks, that it assumes a variety of appearances, in very 

 dry open situations at the foot of the Alps, where it has very 

 rough linear leaves, with a curled waving hedge, and flowers 

 in a very long close continued spike. In the county of Nice 

 it has elliptic leaves, not curled about the edge, which flow- 

 ers in an uninterrupted spike. But it has more usually linear 

 leaves and flowers, though in a spike, yet interrupted 

 so as to form lateral heads. It is common both in the 

 Upper and Lower Valais, about Chiavenna, and by the Lago 

 Maggiore, and Como,, in the vineyards ; between Pigncrolles 

 and La Perosa ; and in the whole valley of Fenestrelles, very 

 common in dry open rocky situations ; in Alsace, between 

 Sultz and Zenne ; in Dauphiny, but not very common ; 

 and in Silesia : it flowers in July. 



37. Campanula Alpina ; Alpine Bell-flower. Stem simple ; 

 peduncles one-flowered, axillary, two-leaved. Root pe- 

 rennial, fusiform ; stem absolutely simple, smooth, a span 

 high, loaded the whole length with axillary solitary flowers ; 

 root-leaves oblong, lanceolate, blunt, growing wider towards 

 the top, hirsute, entire ; stem-leaves ligulate, smaller, sessile ; 

 peduncles upright, very long, with two bractes ; valves of the 

 nectary semiovate, blue, germen blue, three-cornered, semi- 

 ovate, fastened by its base to the bottom of the calix ; stigma 

 trifid ; capsule roundish, three-celled ; seeds brownish, with 

 a membranaceous edge. It is found upon Schneeberg, 

 Scheidegg, and also in Silesia ; flowering in July. 



38. Campanula Mollis ; Soft Bell-flower. Capsules five- 

 celled, covered, peduncled ; stem prostrate ; leaves suborbi- 

 culate. The stems are decumbent, with few branches, 

 rather stiff, villose ; leaves small, sessile, nearly entire, to- 

 mentose, pubescent. Native of Syria, Sicily, and Spain. 



39. Campanula Saxatilis ; Rock Bell-flower. Capsules 

 five-keeled, covered ; flowers alternate, nodding; leaves obo- 

 vate, crenate. The stalks rise a foot high ; the flowers are 

 large, blue, nodding, alternate; they open in July, and are 

 succeeded by five-celled capsules, filled with small seeds. It 

 grows naturally in Crete, upon rocks, where the roots pene- 

 trate the fissures, and continue much longer than in gardens. 

 For the culture and propagation of this sort, see the thirtieth 

 species. A few of these plants may be set in pots, to be 

 sheltered in winter. 



40. Campanula Sibirica; Siberian Bell-flower. Capsules 

 three-celled, covered ; stem panicled. Root biennial; sterna 

 foot high, angular, a little hispid, straight, undivided ; panicle 

 thin, loose; leaves linear, half stem-clasping ; stem-leaves 

 rugged ; flowers oblong, small ; peduncles generally three- 

 flowered ; calices hispid. There is a variety with a subdi- 

 vided stem, and broader leaves. Native of Siberia, Austria, 

 and Piedmont : it flowers from July to September. 



41. Campanula Tridentata; Three-toothed Bell-flower. 

 Capsule five-celled, covered ; stem one-flowered ; radical 

 leaves three-toothed. The stem is twice as long as the 

 leaves, with some linear leaves on it ; flowers upright, rather 

 large, solitary. Found by Tournefort in the Levant. 



42. Campanula Laciniata. Capsules covered, peduncled ; 

 leaves serrate, the radical ones lyrate; stem-leaves lanceolate. 

 Root biennial ; stem two feet high, suffruticose, branched 

 from the bottom ; lower leaves eight inches long, and two 

 and a half wide ; those on the branches two or three incha 



