230 



CAM 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL 



CAM 



long and sessile, the uppermost only four or five lines in 

 length, slightly crenated and pointed ; flowers large, pale, 

 blue; capsule five-celled, nine or ten lines in diameter. 

 Found by Tournefort in the island of Polieandro. 



43. Campanula Stricta. Capsules covered ; leaves rough 

 with hairs ; stem-leaves lanceolate, serrate ; stem quite sim- 

 ple ; flowers sessile. The stem is eighteen inches high, rough 

 with hairs ; root-leaves cordate or ovate, somewhat oblong, 

 serrate, rough with hairs on both sides, petioled ; stem- 

 leaves alternate, remote, sessile, obtuse, serrate, toothed, 

 rough with hairs, narrow at the base ; flowers axillary, so- 

 litary, erect ; calices rough with hairs, covering the germen 

 with their sinuses. Native of Syria and Palestine. 



44. Campanula Canariensis ; Canary Bell-flower. This is 

 now made a distinct genus. See Canarina. 



45. Campanula Fruticosa ; ShnMnj Cape Bell-flower. 

 Capsules columnar, five-celled; stem shrubby; leaves linear, 

 subulate ; peduncles very long. It flowers in August ; and 

 is a native of the Cape. 



46'. Campanula Speculum ; Venus s Looking-glass. Stem 

 very much branched, diffused ; leaves oblong, subcrenate ; 

 flowers solitary ; capsules prismatic. This is an annual plant, 

 which rises with slender stalks a foot high ; the flowers are 

 of a beautiful purple, inclining to a violet colour, (sometimes 

 pale, purple, or white) and in the evening fold up into a pen- 

 tagon figure, whence it is also called viola pentagonia ; the 

 calix is composed of five narrow leaves, which spread open, 

 and turn back, and are much longer than the petals ; these 

 remain on the top of the prismatic seed-vessel, which is filled 

 with small angular seeds. Native of the most southern 

 countries of Europe, among corn ; flowering from May till 

 September. It is commonly sown in patches in the borders 

 of the flower-garden, among other hardy annuals, in the 

 spring : but if it be sown in autumn, it will grow much 

 taller, and flower a month earlier, that is, in May. 



47. Campanula Hybrida ; Corn Bell-Jlower : Small Venus' 3 

 Looking-glass ; or Codded Corn Violet. Stem a little branch- 

 ing at the base, and stiff; leaves oblong, crenate ; calices ag- 

 gregate, longer than the corolla ; capsules prismatic. An 

 annual plant, common in corn-fields, in England, France, 

 and Switzerland ; flowering in June and July.' 



48. Campanula Limonifolia. Branches expanding, undi- 

 vided ; radical leaves elliptic, even, quite entire ; flowers 

 sessile, in threes. The root-leaves are petioled, but not 

 rigid ; stem with very simple wand-like branches, and linear 

 or subulate leaves ; flowers remote, axillary, with bractes 

 the length of the germen. Native of the Levant. 



49. CampanulaPentagonia. Stem subdivided, very branch- 

 ing ; calycine leaflets linear, acuminate. This is a small 

 plant, a hand or not more than six inches in height, with a 

 simple white root ; the stem is slender, weak, shrubby, with 

 frequent branches ; flowers at the ends of the stem and 

 oranches, twice as large as those of Venus's Looking-glass, 

 and of a paler purple, the bottom or eye white, but less so 

 than in that ; a broad blue band surrounds the eye, and the 

 edges are purple ; the flowers are more concave and bell- 

 shaped than in our common garden sort, and the seg- 

 ments are not so deeply cut ; the leaflets of the calix are 

 narrow, oblong, sharp, spreading, but not revolute, and 

 soinetiines have little bristles at the edges ; the flowers, be- 

 fore they ojien, are folded up like the other sorts, and have 

 five wings like the feathers of a shaft, and hence the name 

 1'aildsmiia. The seeds are large, round, and shining. Mr. 

 Ray informs us, that the first seeds of this plant were drought 

 from Thrace. This and the fiftieth, and also the fifty-sixth 

 species, must be treated like the forty-sixth species, which 



see ; if, however, the seeds be permitted to scatter, they 

 will come up without care. 



50. Campanula Perfoliata ; Perfoliale Bell-Jlower. Stem 

 simple ; leaves cordate, toothed, stem-clasping; flowers ses- 

 sile, aggregate. This is an annual plant, which in good 

 ground will rise a foot and half high, but. in poor ground, 

 or where it grows wild among corn, scarcely rises to the 

 height of six inches ; the stalk is single, rarely putting out 

 any branches, unless near the root, whence sometimes one 

 or two short lateral branches are produced ; the leaves are 

 roundish and stem-clasping, sharply serrate at the edge, and 

 from their base comes out a close tuft of flowers surrounded 

 with a leaf as with the calix. Native of North America, 

 and flowering in June. See the preceding species. 



51. Campanula Capensis ; Cape Bell-flower. Leaves 

 lanceolate, toothed, hispid ; peduncles very long ; capsules 

 strigose. Root annual ; stem round. Native of the Cape. 

 It flowers in August and September ; ripens its seeds in 

 October, and then dies. 



52. Campanula Elatines. Leaves cordate, toothed, pu- 

 bescent, petioled ; stems prostrate ; peduncles capillary, 

 many-flowered. Root perennial ; stems many, procumbent, 

 round, generally simple, from the fissures of the rocks ; 

 flowers purple, half five-cleft ; the segments lanceolate, revo- 

 lute. The whole plant is pubescent, with soft hairs, and is: 

 very milky. It is found at the foot of the Alps, in the country 

 of the Valdenses, or Vaudois, in rocky shady situations. 



53. Campanula Hederacea ; Ivy-leared Bell-Jlower. Leaves 

 cordate, five-lobed, petioled, smooth ; stem lax. Root pe- 

 rennial, fibrous, slender, creeping; stems procumbent, fili- 

 form, trailing, matted together, and covering spms of a foot 

 diameter : the whole herb pale, tender, delicate, and smooth, 

 except a very few scattered hairs, occasionally found on 

 some of the leaves, the lower of which are heart or kidney- 

 form, and nearly entire ; peduncles long, filiform, solitary, 

 either terminating or axillary ; segments of the calix pointed 

 and entire ; corolla pale blue, slender, oblong ; filamenta 

 longer than the antherse. Native of England and Wales, 

 Denmark, France, and Spain, in moist shady places : it 

 flowers from May till August. 



54. Campanula Erinoides. Stems diffused ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, subserrate, decurrent, with a scabrous line ; flowers 

 peduncled, solitary. See Lobelia F.rinus. 



55. Campanula Heterophylla. Leaves subovate, smooth, 

 quite entire ; stems diffused. Root perennial, white, sweet, 

 and full of milk ; lower leaves like those of the Daisy, dis- 

 posed in a ring, brownish green, shining, two inches and a 

 half long, and half an inch wide ; those on the stems fleshy, 

 smooth, bright green, eight lines long: stems eight or nine 

 inches long, a line in thickness, milky, and full of white 

 pith : flowers axillary, seven or eight lines long, and four or 

 five wide, pale blue ; calix five lines in length, and three in 

 width, pale green ; fruit three-celled, filled with brownish 

 red, polished, oval seeds, the third of a line in length. 

 The whole plant is insipid. Native of the Levant ; found by 

 Tournefort in the desert isle of Cheiro. 



56. Campanula Erinus ; Forked Bell-flower. Stem dieho- 

 tomous ; leaves sessile ; the upper onesopposite, three-toothed. 

 This is a low animal plant, seldom rising six M;I 



but dividing into ninny branches; flowers small, ;>::Ie 1 : 

 they lire produced at the ends of the branches, and arc 

 shaped like those of /V-HS'.V Looking-glass, but tlx-ir col' 

 are less beautiful, and the leaflets of the calix arc broader. 

 Native of Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sicily, and the south of 

 France; it flowers in July and August. See the forty-ninth 

 species. 



