238 



CAN 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



CAN 



the calix acute ; those of the corolla lanceolate, cut almost 

 to the base. Native of Mount Libanus. 



78. Campanula Repens. Stem subdivided, creeping ; 

 leaves oblong, fleshy j flowers solitary. The stem is herba- 

 ceous, and very much branched ; the leaves oblong, ovate, 

 quite entire, small, hairy opposite ; the flowers white, ses- 

 sile, axillary, solitary. Native of Cochin-china. 



Campechy Wood. See Htematoxylum. 



Camphire, or Camphor Wood. See Laurus. 



Campherosma ; a genus of the class Tetrandia order Mo- 

 nogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix ; perianth pitcher- 

 shaped, half four-cleft, compressed, permanent ; segments 

 acute, the opposite ones largish, recurved. Corolla: none. 

 Stamina .- filamento four, filiform, equal ; anthers oval. 

 Pistil: germen ovate, compressed; style filiform, half two- 

 cleft, longer than the calix ; stigmas acute. Pericarp : cap- 

 sule one-celled, gaping above, covered by the calix. Seed .- 

 single, oval, compressed, shining. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Calif : pitcher-form ; two of the teeth opposite, and the 

 alternate ones very small. Corolla: none. Capsule: one- 

 seeded. These plants are preserved in gardens merely for 

 the sake of variety ; they are propagated by seeds, which 

 succeed best when sown in the autumn. The European sorts 

 require only to be thinned, and kept clean from weeds ; and 

 if they are permitted to scatter their seeds, there will be a 

 supply of young plants in the spring. The species are, 



1 . Camphorosma Monspeliaca ; Hairy Camphorosma. 

 Leaves hirsute. Annual ; with trailing branches, a foot or 

 more in length ; leaves linear, hairy, close to the branches ; 

 flowers from the joints, very small. Native of the south of 

 France, Spain, and the county of Nice. The whole plant 

 smells of camphor ; it abounds in a volatile oily salt, and is 

 warm and stimulating : an infusion of it is of service in the 

 asthma ; the dose from half an ounce to an ounce and a half. 



2. Camphorosma Acuta ; Sharp-leaved Camphorosma. 

 Leaves subulate, rigid, smooth. Root perennial, slender, fusi- 

 form, fibrous; stems many, woody, decumbent, round, hairy, 

 roughish, from a finger's length to a foot in height ; branches 

 alternate. It flowers in July and August. Native of very 

 dry sandy fields in the Palatinate, Italy, and Tartary. 



3. Camphorosma Glabra ; Smooth Camphorosma. Leaves 

 subtriquetrous, smooth, unarmed. This is a perennial plant, 

 with trailing branches. The flowers are not more visible than 

 thpse of the first sort. 



4. Camphorosma Pteranthus. Very branching ; pedun- 

 cles ensiform, dilated ; bractes crested. Root annual, fibrous. 

 Native of Arabia, Egypt, and Barbary. It is Angular in 

 its manner of flowering, and in its fruit, which resembles a 

 stag's horns. 



5. Camphorosma Palacea. Shrubby; branches spike- 

 form, chaffy, hairy. A shrub scarcely a foot high, deter- 

 minately branched. Found at the Cape. 



Campion. See Agrostemma, Cucubalus, and Lychnis. 



Catiarina ; a genus of the class Hexandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth superior ; 

 leaflets six, lanceolate, recurved, permanent. Corolla: mo- 

 nopetalous, bell-form, six-cleft, nerved ; nectary of six 

 valves, equal, distant, covering the receptacle. Stamina: 

 filamenta six, subulate, spreading outwards, originating from 

 the valves ; unthera; pendulous from the tip. Pistil -. ger- 

 men interior, six-cornered ; style conical, short ; stigma 

 longer than the stamina, clavated, six-cleft. Pericarp: cap- 

 sule six-angled, obtuse, six-celled. Seeds : numerous, small. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : six-leaved. Corolla : six- 

 cleft, bell form ; stigmas six. Capsule : inferior, six-celled 

 many seeded. The species are. 



1 . Canarina Campanula ; Canary Bell-flower. Stem erect ; 

 leaves hastate, in threes, or opposite. Root perennial, tube- 

 rous, fusiform; stem three feet high, erect, solitary, round, 

 even with swelling joints ; branches by threes from each 

 joint ; leaves on the stem in threes ; flowers from the forks 

 of the upper branches, solitary, peduncled, drooping; corolla 

 larger than the leaves, resembling that of a Crown Imperial, 

 rufous, brighter within, with a yellow eye ; each segment 

 with three purple nerves; style club-form, longer than the 

 stamina. It flowers from January till March. It is propa- 

 gated by parting the roots, which must be done with cau- 

 tion, for if they be broken or wounded, the milky juice will 

 flow out plentifully, so that if they be planted before the 

 wounds are skinned over, it occasions their rotting ; there- 

 fore whenever any of them are broken, they should be laid 

 in the green-house a few days to heal. The root must not 

 be too often parted, for that weakens the plants, and pre- 

 vents them from flowering well ; the best time for doing it 

 is in July, soon after the stalks are decayed ; the earth 

 should not be rich, for that will cause the plant to be luxu- 

 riant in branches, but poor in flowers ; the soil in which 

 they succeed best, is a light sandy loam, with a fourth part o 

 screened lime rubbish ; the pots should at first be placed in 

 the shade, and, unless the season be very dry, they should 

 not be watered : about the middle of August the roots will 

 begin to put out fibres, when, if the pots be placed under a 

 hot-bed frame, and, as the nights grow cool, be covered with 

 the glasses, (opening them every day,) it will greatly forward 

 their flowering, and increase their strength : when the stalks 

 appear, the plants must now and then be refreshed with 

 water, but it must not be given too often, nor in great quan- 

 tity ; by the middle of September the plants will be grown 

 so tall, that they must be removed into a dry airy glass case, 

 where they may enjoy the free air in fine weather, and yet 

 be screened from cold. 



2. Canarina Zanguebar. Stem scandent ; leaves hastate 

 alternate. Flowers solitary, lateral ; corolla pale-coloured. 

 Native of Zanguebar, on the coast of Africa. 



Canarium ; a genus of the class Dioecia, order Pentandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix: perianth two-leaved, 

 leaflets ovate, concave, permanent. Corolla . petals three, ob- 

 long, like the calix. Stamina : filamenta five, very short; an- 

 thers oblong, of the length of the petals. Female. Calix: as 

 in the male ; leaflets reflex. Corolla : as in the male. Pistil : 

 germen ovate ; style scarcely any : stigma headed, three- 

 cornered. Pericarp: drupe dry, ovate, acuminate; base 

 surrounded by a crenate membrane. Seed: nut ovate, 

 three-cornered, acute. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. Calix: 

 two-leaved. Corolla: three-petalled. Female. Calix: two- 

 leaved. Corolla: three-petalled. Stigma : sessile. Drupe: 

 with a three-cornered nut. The only species known is, 



1. Canarium Commune. Leaves alternate, pinnated witli 

 an odd foliole ; panicles with divaricate rigid branches ; 

 flowers sessile. The fruit is covered with a thin olive- 

 coloured skin, and having within it very little pulp, full of 

 capillary fibres. This tree is a native of the Molucca isles, 

 Banda, and New Guinea. The nuts are eaten both raw and 

 dressed by the inhabitants ; an oil is expressed from them, 

 which is used at the table when fresh, and for lamps when 

 stale ; bread is also made of them, and cakes, biscuits, &c. 

 for the table : eaten fresh, they are apt to bring on diarrhoeas 

 and dysenteries, and to occasion oppression of the breast. 



Canary Grass. See Phalaris. 



Candleberry Tree. See Myrica. 



Candy Tuft. See Iberis. 



Cane. See Arundo. 



