CAR 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



CAR 



251 



beneath ; stem one-flowered, unarmed. Stem one, erect, a 

 foot and a half or two feet high, round, a little angular, 

 tomentose, sometimes tinged with red, the size of a pen or 

 rather larger ; radical leaves in a tuft ; floscules deep purple, 

 calix tomentose. The whole plant smells strong of musk. 

 It is found about Montpellier, in Germany, Austria, and 

 Citmiola ; flowering in July and August. 



38. Carduus Acaulis; Dwarf Carline Thistle. Stemless ; 

 calix smooth. Leaves lying close to the ground, with one 

 purple flower in the midst of them; down long, plumose; root- 

 leaves spreading in a circle on footstalks, pinnatifid ; pinnas 

 irregularly lobed and waved, angular, with sharp spines at the 

 edge, green on both sides, hairy towards the base. Linneus 

 justly observes, that this dwarf plant occupies afoot in diame- 

 ter, not suffering any plant to grow beneath it, and that it is 

 therefore injurious to pastures : it affects dry open situations, 

 such as heaths and downs, particularly where the soil is calca- 

 reous. It is a perennial, flowering in July ; and is found in 

 most parts of Europe. This Thistle is only to be destroyed 

 by ploughing : it is common in the very dry light lands, 

 beside being the great pest of the sheep downs. 



39. Carduus Inclinans ; Thistle upon Thistle. Leaves de- 

 current, thorny at the edge ; oalices roundish, lax ; scales of 

 the calix subulate, straight, the innerinostunarmed, coloured. 

 Corolla purple. It is an annual plant, growing upon ditch- 

 banks and road-sides, in hedges, amongbriars, in waste places, 

 and on the borders of corn-fields, flowering in July. 



40. Carduus Pratensis ; English Soft or Gentle Thistle, 

 Single-headed, or Meadow Thistle. Leaves sessile, half stem- 

 clasping, lanceolate, somewhat toothed, fringed with small 

 unequal thorns ; stem mostly one-flowered. Root perennial, 

 fibrous, creeping; flower terminal, purple; calix ovate, tomen- 

 tose ; the scales imbricate, ovate, acuminate, purplish ; seed 

 very short ; down nearly as long as the corolla, plumose 

 with long hairs. Found in marshy places and swampy 

 meadows. 



41. Carduus Carniolicus. Lower leaves pinnatifid, on 

 short petioles, upper ones stom-clasping; heads (threeorfour) 

 terminal, heaped; stem two feet high, striated, simple, not 

 winged, the thickness of the little finger ; heads of flowers 

 sessile, floscules pale yellow ; antheraj ferruginous, putting 

 out two little bristles behind; filamenta brown; down plu- 

 mose. Native of Carniola, Austria, and Piedmont. 



42. Carduus Carlinoidea ; Pyrencan Thistle. Leaves de- 

 current, decursively pinnate ; pinnules palmate-quadrifid, 

 aculeate, woolly ; stem corymbed, many-flowered ; flowers 

 glomerate. Root perennial; stem a-cubit high, sometimes 

 panicle-branched, woolly ; branches axillary, alternate, soli- 

 tary, from half a palm to a foot in length-; corollas purple. 

 This is a very handsome species, native of the Pyrenees, and 

 of the mountains about Tende. 



43. Carduus Medius. Leaves decurrent, pinnatifid, thorny 

 about the edge ; stem one-flowered ; peduncles very long ; 

 scales of the-calix unarmed, spreading, bristle-shaped; stem 

 a cubit high, very simple, erect ; leaves lanceolate, an inch 

 wide, three inches long ; flower nodding, purple or deep red. 

 Biennal. Found upon the Pyrenees, and on the mountains 

 of Piedmont. 



44. Carduus Ochroleucus. Leaves pinnate ; pinnas ciliate; 

 scales of the calix recurved. Height two feet; flowers yel- 

 lowish-white ; down plumose. Perennial. Native of Swit- 

 zerland. 



45. Carduus Pyrenaicus. Leaves decurrent, oblong-lance- 

 olate, ciliate at the edge, spiny and tomentose on both sides ; 

 flowers subsessile ; stem three feet high or more, striated, 

 green, smooth; topof the stem almost naked; corolla purple; 



down plumose. Perennial. Native of Provence, Austria, 

 and Piedmont. 



46. Carduus Paniculatus ; Panicled Thistle. Leaves semi- 

 decurrent, oblong-lanceolate, unequal, ciliate, smooth; the 

 lower lyrate, waved; flowers panicled. This is a perennial 

 plant, flowering in June and Julv. Native of the south of 

 Europe. 



47. Carduus Rigens; Upright Alpine Thistle. Leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate, smooth, thorny at the edge, pinnatifld ; 

 segments oblique, lobed ; calices oblong, bracted. Calix oval, 

 with close scales ; corollules yellowish white. The whole plant 

 has an ill smell. It is biennial or perennial, and is a large, 

 thick, strong plant, but very low in proportion to the thick- 

 ness of the stem, which is seldom more than a foot in height. 

 It flowers in July and August, and is a native of Switzerland 

 and Dauphiny, in moist meadows exposed to the north. 



48. Carduus Diacantha. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, tomen- 

 tose underneath ; spines in pairs , flowers corymbed ; stem 

 two feet high, straight, single, striated, tomentose ; florets 

 of a violet colour. Native of Mount Libanus. 



49. Carduus Pinnatifidus. Leaves pinnatifid, tomentose ; 

 nerves woolly; stem one-flowered. Root short, fibrous, 

 annual ; flowers terminating, solitary .It flowers at the end 

 of May and June, and is a native of Spain. 



50. Carduus Gnaphaloides. Leaves sessile, in a sort of 

 whorl, lanceolate, quite entire, tomentose beneath. Root 

 perennial, woolly, adhering to the clefts of rocks, whence the 

 plant hangs ; flowers terminating, purple, an inch in length. 

 It flowers early in the spring, and continues flowering 

 through the summer to the autumn; the corolla smells sweet, 

 the leaves are dry, and insipid to the taste. It is a native 

 of the farther Calabria, where its leaves are only half the 

 width, and much more tomentose : it grows very luxuriantly 

 in gardens. 



51. Carduus Tenuiflorus; Slender-flowered Thistle. Leaves 

 decurrent, prickly about the edge; branches stiff ; calices 

 aggregate, sessile, oblong-conical; scales upright, spreading 

 at top, and prickly at the end. Root annual ; stem from two 

 to three feet high, upright, branched at the base ; branches 

 few, long, upright, perfectly straight, roundish, slightly 

 grooved, cottony, particularly towards the top, with broad 

 spinous wings; flowers in clusters at the top of the branches, 

 sessile, small, of a pale purple or flesh colour. It is very 

 common in the neighbourhood of London, growing in the 

 very suburbs, delighting in warm sheltered situations, and is 

 frequently found under paling, walls, hedge*, ditch-banks, 

 and near the sea-side ; flowering from June till August. 



Carex; a genus of the class Monoecia, order Triandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Male flowers, disposed in a spike. 

 Calix: ament oblong, imbricate, constant: scales one-flow- 

 ered, lanceolate, acute, concave, permanent. Corolla: none. 

 Stamina .- filamenta three, bristle-shaped, erect, longer than 

 the calix ; antherae erect, \ong, linear. Female flowers in 

 the same plant. Calix : ament as in the male. Corolla : 

 petals none ; nectary inflated, ovate-oblong, bidentated at 

 the tip, contracted upwards, gaping at the mouth, per- 

 manent. Pistil : germen three-sided, within the nectary ; 

 style very short ; stigmas two or three, subulate, incurved, 

 long, acuminate, pubescent. Pericarp : none ; the nectary 

 grown larger protects the seed. Seed : single, ovate-acute, 

 three-sided, one angle being generally less than the others. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Ament : imbricate. Calix : one- 

 leafed. Corolla : none. Female Nectary : inflated, three- 

 toothed. Stigmas: three. Seed: three-sided, within the nec- 

 tary. These plants are very neary allied to the Grasses, 

 but are of a much harsher texture : the stem, which is fre- 



