C E A 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



C E D 



269 



tary, ovate. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Petals; five, saccular, 



vaulted. Berry : dry, three-celled, three-seeded. The 



species are, 



1. Ceanothus Americanus ; American Ceanothus, or New 

 Jcrsty Tea. Leaves three-nerved. In England this shrub 

 seldom rises more than three or four feet high, sending out 

 branches on every side, from the ground upward ; leaves alter- 

 nate, deciduous, on short petioles : at the extremity of each 

 shoot, the flowers are produced in close thick spikes, and 

 are composed of five small petals of a clear white ; they ap- 

 pear in July, and make a pretty appearance during their con- 

 tinuance; for as every shoot is terminated by one of these 

 spikes, the whole shrub is covered over with flowers, the 

 branches commonly growing very close to each other; and 

 when the autumn proves mild, they often flower again in Oc- 

 tober. Native of most parts of North America. The leaves 

 dried, are used in America for the same purpose as tea. The 

 Canadians use the root in venereal cases : it dies wool a fine 

 strong Nankin cinnamon colour. These are best propagated 

 by seeds, which should be sown in the autumn in small pots, 

 and plunged into an old hot-hpd, where they may remain 

 during the winter. In the following summer, place them in 

 the open air during mild weather, but screen them from the 

 cold. The following spring they should be transplanted 

 before they begin to shoot, in which state they may remain 

 a year or two ; when they may be finally removed to the 

 places where they are designed to remain. They require a 

 dry soil and sheltered situation. 



2. Ceanothus Asiaticus ; Asiatic Ceanothus. Leaves ovate, 

 nerveless ; branches alternate, flexuose, striated, smooth. 

 Native of Ceylon and Japan. It may be increased by layers 

 or cuttings, and must have the protection of a bark-stove. 



3. Ceanothus Africanus ; African Evergreen Ceanothus. 

 Leaves lanceolate, nerveless; stipules roundish. It rises to the 

 height of ten or twelve feet, with a woody stem, covered 

 with a rough dark-coloured bark, and sends out many weak 

 branches, which hang downward ; these while young are 

 green, but afterwards change to a purplish colour : they are 

 garnished with oblong pointed leaves of a lucid green, smooth 

 and slightly serrate on their edges : the flowers are small, of 

 an herbaceous colour, coming out from the side of the 

 branches : they sometimes appear in July, but are not succeed- 

 ed by seeds in this country, nor do the plants often produce 

 flowers ; so that they are merely preserved for the beauty of 

 their shining evergreen leaves, which make a variety in the 

 green-house during the winter season. They are generally 

 propagated by cuttings, as that is the surest and most expe- 

 ditious way : they should be planted in spring, in pots filled 

 with good kitchen-garden earth, and plunged into a very 

 moderate hot-bed, observing to shade them in the heat of the 

 day, and now and then to refresh them with water; in two 

 months, or less, they will have taken root, when they must be 

 gradually inured to the open air, placing them in a sheltered 

 situation till they have obtained strength, when they may be 

 separated, and each planted in a small pot filled with light 

 e;irth, placing them in the shade until they have taken fresh 

 root ; then they may be removed, intermixed with other 

 exotic plants, and treated in the same manner. 



4. Ceanothus Reclinatus. Leaves ovate, entire, many- 

 nerved ; branches hanging down. Native of Jamaica. 



5. Ceanothus Circumscissus. Leaves obcordate, opposite, 

 in two rows ; prickles solitary, recurved, opposite to the 

 leaves ; branches simple, opposite, spreading very much, 

 angular, even. Native of the East Indies, Ceylon, and 

 Mauritius. 



6. Ceanothus Capsularis. Leaves ovate-cordate, acumi- 

 VOL. i. 23. 



nate, serrate ; capsules three-valved, gaping. Native of 

 Otaheite. 



Cecropia ; a genus of the class Dicecia, order Diandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Callx: spathe ovate, bursting, 

 caducous ; aments very many, fasciculate, columnar, imbri- 

 cate with scales; the scales (receptacles) copious turbinate, 

 compressed-quadrangular, obtuse, with a double perforation. 

 Corolla : none, unless the scales be called nectaries. Sta- 

 mina : filamenta two, capillary, very short, from the perfora- 

 tions of the scales ; antheras oblong, quadrangular. Female. 

 Calix : spathe ; aments four, columnar, imbricate, with ger- 

 mina. Corolla: none. Pistil: germina many, imbricate, 

 compressed-quadrangular, obtuse ; styles solitary, very 

 short ; stigmas somewhat headed, lacerated. Pericarp : berry 

 the form of the germen, one-celled, one-seeded. Seed: ob- 

 long, compressed. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. Spatlie : 

 caducous, Ament : imbricate with turbinate scales, com- 

 pressed-quadrangular. Corolla: none. Female as in the 

 Male. Germina : imbricate. Style ' one. Stigma : lacerated. 

 Berry .- one-seeded. The only known species is, 



1 . Cecropia Peltata ; Trumpet-tree, or Snake-wood. This 

 tree seldom falls short of thirty-five or forty feet high, in the 

 most perfect state : trunk a foot in diameter, hollow, stopped 

 from space to space with membraneous septa, which form, 

 slight annular marks on the surface ; leaves in clusters at the 

 ends of the branches, large, divided into nine or ten oblong 

 lobes, on long petioles : the fruits rise four, five, or more, from 

 the very top of a common peduncle, and shoot into so many 

 oblong cylindric berries, composed of a row of little acini, 

 something like our raspberry, which they resemble in fla- 

 vour when ripe, and are on that account agreeable to most 

 European palates. The wood of this tree, when dry, is very 

 apt to take fire by attrition. The native Indians have taken, 

 the hint, and always kindle their fires in the woods, by 

 rubbing a piece of it against some harder wood. The bark 

 is strong and fibrous, and is frequently used for all sorts of 

 cordage. The trunk is very light, and for that'reason much 

 used for bark logs, and fishing floats. The smaller branches, 

 when cleared of the septums, serve for wind-instruments. 

 Both trunk and branches yield a great quantity of fixed salt, 

 which is much used among the French to despumate and 

 granulate their sugars. The fruit is much fed upon by 

 pigeons and other birds ; and thus the tree is spread and 

 propagated. Native of Jamaica, and other West India 

 Islands, and also of South America. It may be propagated 

 by seeds, procured from the places of natural growth. They 

 should be brought over in sand ; for if they be put up in 

 moist papers, they will be apt to grow mouldy. It requires 

 the same treatment as other tropical plants. 



Cedar, Barbadoes. See Cedrela. 



Cedar, Bermudas and Carolina. See Juniperus. 



Cedar, Jamaica. See Theobroma. 



Cedar, Libanus or Lebanon. See Pinus Cedrus. 



Cedar, Lycian, Phcenician, and Virginian. See Juniperus. 



Cedar, White. See Cupressus. 



Cedrela; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth mono- 

 phyllous, campanulate, very small, five-toothed, withering. 

 Corolla : funnel-form, pentapetalous, the tube bellied below; 

 petals linear-oblong, obtuse, erect, adjoined to the recep- 

 tacle at one-third beneath. Stamina -. filamenta five, subu- 

 late, seated on the receptacle, shorter than the corolla ; an- 

 thers oblong, bent outwards at the tip. Pistil: receptacle 

 proper, five-cornered; germen globular: style cylindric, length 

 of the corolla; stigma headed, depressed. Pericarp: cap- 

 sule superior, woody, roundish, five-celled, five-valved, the 

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