; 8 



C E N 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL 



C E N 



ing ; and is good in smaller doses, to excite an appetite, and 

 prevent sickness : when dried and powdered, they are good 

 against worms. The surest method of cultivating this plant, 

 is to sow the seed in autumn, and when the plants come up, 

 to hoe the ground, cut Up the weeds, and thin the plants ; 

 and in the following spring to hoe it a second time, leaving 

 the plants a foot asunder : they will ripen their seeds in 

 autumn, and soon after decay. 



46. Centaurea Eriophora ; Woolly-headed Centaury. Ca- 

 lices double-spiny, woolly ; leaves semidecurrent, entire, 

 and sinuate ; stem proliferous. It flowers in July. Native 

 of Portugal. 



47. Centaurea jEgyptiaca. Calices double, spiny, some- 

 what woolly ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, entire, and toothed ; 

 stem proliferous, a foot high ; corolla white ; antherae yellow, 

 reddish at the tip. Annual. Native of Egypt. 



48. Centaurea Calcitrapa; Star Thistle. Calices sub- 

 double, spiny, sessile ; leaves pinnatifid, linear, toothed ; 

 stem hairy ; root annual. Native of England, Switzerland, 

 and the southern parts of Europe. 



49. Centaurea Calcitrapoides ; Phoenician Centaury. Ca- 

 lices subdouble, spiny ; leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, 

 undivided, serrate. Found at Nismes, and in Palestine. 



50. Centaurea Solstitialis ; St. Barnaby's Thistle. Calices 

 double, s)j?ny, solitary ; branch-leaves dacurrent, unarmed, 

 lanceolate ; radical leaves lyrate, pinnatifid, acuminate ; 

 flowers terminal, 'solitaryj'bright yellow. Annual. Native 

 of the south of Europe. Discovered by Mr. Rowe, in a 

 grassy field at Arminghall, two miles from Norwich. 



51. Centaurea Melitensis ; Cluster-headed Centaury. Ca- 

 lices double, spiny, crowded, terminal ; leaves decurrent, 

 lanceolate, sinuous, unarmed. Annual. Found about Mont- 

 pellier, and in the island of Malta. This plant is what we 

 commonly' call the solstitialis. 



52. Centaurea Sicula. Calices ciliate, spiny, terminal ; 

 leaves decurrent, lyrate, unarmed, hoary. Perennial. 

 Native of Sicily. 



53. Centaurea Centauroides. Caliceg ciliate, spiny; 

 leaves lyrate, pinnate, quite entire, the end division largest. 

 Native of Italy, Spain, and Montpellier 



54. Centaurea Collina. Calices ciliate, unarmed, spiny; 

 radical leaves bipinnatifid; stem acute-angled; florets yellow. 

 Perennial. Native of Montpellier, Spain, Carniola, Italy, &c. 



55. Centaurea Rupestris ; Rock Centaury. Calices ciliate, 

 spiny; leaves bipinnate, linear. Perennial. Native of Italy. 



****'**Crocodiloidea : Spines simple. 



56. Centaurea Verutum ; Dwarf Centaury. Calices mostly 

 feimple, spiny ; teeth two, opposite; leaves lanceolate, en- 

 tire, decurrent. Root annual; stem erect, eighteen inches 

 high ; corolla yellow. Native of Palestine. 



57. Centaurea Salmantica ; Lyre-leaved Centaury. Calices 

 smooth, with a subspiny setule standing out; leaves lyrate, 

 runcinate, serrate; flowers terminal ; corollas white or pur- 

 ple. Perennial. Native of the south of Europe. 



58. Centaurea Cichoracea; Succory -leaved Centaury. 

 Calices setaceous, spiny ; leaves decurrent, undivided, ser- 

 rate, spiny. Native of Monte Argent.-irio, in Italy. 



59. Centaurea Muricata. Calices very simply spiny ; 

 lower leaves pinnatifid ; upper lanceolate ; peduncles very 

 long ; stems tender ; flowers purple, rayed ; spine brown, 

 very sharp. Annual. Native of Spain. 



60. Centaurea Peregrina. Calices setaceous, spiny; leaves 

 lanceolate, petioled, toothed at bottom. The stems rise 

 nearly three feet high, with entire leaves at each joint ; they 

 are terminated by large single heads of gold-coloured 

 flowers, enclosed in a prickly calix, appearing in July and 



August, but never producing seeds in this country. It grows 

 naturally in Austria and Hungary. 



61. Centaurea Radiata ; Rayed Centaury. Calices almost 

 unarmed and awned, radiate; leaves pinnatifid. Native of 

 Siberia. 



62. Centaurea Nudicaulis ; Naked-stalked Centaury. Ca- 

 lices setaceous, spiny ; leaves undivided, the upper ones a 

 little toothed ; stem almost naked, one-flowered, simple ; 

 corollas purplish. Perennial. Native of Provence, Spain, 

 and Italy. 



63. Centaurea Crocodilium ; Blush Centaury. Calices 

 scariose, very simply spiny ; leaves pinnatifid, quite entire, 

 the outmost division larger, toothed . Annual. Native of Syria. 



64. Centaurea Pumila ; Dwarf Centaury. Calices very 

 simply spiny; leaves tooth-pinnate, villose; stem none. 

 Found in Egypt, by Hasselquist. 



65. Centaurea Tingitana ; Tangier Centaury. Calices 

 spiny at the edge ; leaves lanceolate, undivided, serrate, sub- 

 spiny. Perennial. Native of Tangier. 



66. Centaurea Galactites ; White- veined Centaury. Calices 

 setaceous, spiny ; leaves decurrent, sinuate, spiny, tomen- 

 tose beneath. Observed by Ray, in Sicily, Malta, Italy, and 

 about Montpellier. 



*******New Species. 



67. Centaurea Triumfetti. Calices serrate, with white 

 cilias ; leaves deeply pinnatifid, with two pinnas for the most 

 part, decurrent. Perennial. Found upon Mount Cenis. 



68. Centaurea Kartschiana. Calices ciliate, spiny ; leaves 

 pinnate ; pinnas sessile, lanceolate, decurrent, ending in a 

 point. Stem smooth, branching, angular ; florets reddish. 



69. Centaurea Alata ; Upright Wing-stalked Centaury. 

 Calices ciliate ; scales flat, oppressed, -ciliate at the end; stem- 

 leaves oblong, decurrent. Perennial. Native of Tartary. 



70. Centaurea Intybacea; Succory -leaved Centaury. Ca- 

 lices ciliate ; scales flat, obtuse, ciliate at the end ; leaves 

 pinnatifid ; disk equal to the ray. Stem two feet high, up- 

 right, hard, striated, branched; flowers terminating, purple, 

 flesh-coloured, or white. Perennial. Native of the borders 

 of fields and dry pastures in the south of Europe. 



71. Centaurea Diluta; Pale-flowered Centaury. Calices 

 ciliate; scales acuminate, somewhat thorny; leaves oblong 

 and pinnatifid ; floscules of the ray longer than the disk. 

 Native of the south of Europe. 



72. Centaurea Strobilacea. Calices scariose, spiny, ser- 

 rate, ciliated ; leaves dotted beneath, pinnated ; pinnas lance- 

 olate, falcated, erect. The calix closes during the night : the 

 flowers are of a pale yellow colour ; the plant has a bitterish 

 taste, but no smell. Perennial. It may be raised from 

 seeds sown in the spring, on a gentle hot-bed ; but in autumn 

 the plants must be placed under the shelter of a glass-case : 

 it may also be propagated by parting the roots. 



73. Centaurea Hybrida. Calices ciliated, ending in a spine ; 

 leaves pinnated; branch-leaves linear, lanceolate, undivided, 

 decurrent. Flower terminal, yellow : the whole plant dark 

 green, and roughish. Found on the hills about Turin : biennial. 



74. Centaurea Nicseensis. Calices ciliate, spiny ; leaves 

 ovate, rough; radical leaves petioled, toothed ; stem-leaves 

 embracing, decurrent. Flower terminal, yellow. Found 

 about Nice : biennial. 



75. Centaurea Csespitosa. Calices palmate, spiny; leaves 

 sinuate-toothed ; the lower ones petioled, the upper ones 

 half stem-clasping. Roots perennial, woody, dry, perpendi- 

 cular, black on the outside ; the flowers, which are purple, 

 have a strong disagreeable smell. Native of Italy, forming 

 very thick tufts in the sand upon the sea-shore near Naples. 



76. Centaurea Elegans. Stem simple ; leaves undivided, 



