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CE R 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL j 



C E 8 



roots : and should their stems be crooked, you must place 

 a strong stake down by the side of ench plant, and fasten 

 the stem to it in several places, so as to bring it straight, 

 which direction it will soon take as it grows larger, and 

 thereby the plants will be rendered beautiful. When they 

 have remained in this nursery two or three years, they should 

 be transplanted in the spring to the places where they are 

 to remain. The species are, 



1. Cercis Siliquastrum ; Common Judas Tree. Leaves cor- 

 date, orbicular, smooth. The Portuguese and Spaniards call 

 this, the tree of love : it rises with an upright trunk, to the 

 height of twenty feet, covered with a dark brown bark, divided 

 upwards into many irregular brandies ; leaves on long foot- 

 stalks, pale green above, greyish underneath. The flowers 

 come out on every side of the branches, and in many instances 

 in large clusters from the stem of the tree, arising from the 

 same point, upon short peduncles ; they are of a very bright 

 purple colour, and make q fine appearance, especially when 

 the branches are covered pretty thick with them ; they come 

 out in the spring with the leaves, and are in full beauty before 

 the leaves have attained half their size. The flower is papi- 

 lionaceous, and, having an agreeable pungency, is frequently 

 eaten in salads. This tree is usually planted with other flow- 

 ering trees and shrubs, for ornaments to pleasure-gardens, and, 

 for their singular beauty, deserve a place as well as most other 

 sorts ; for when they are arrived to a good size, they are pro- 

 ductive of flowers, so as that the branches are often closely 

 covered with them ; and the singular shape of their leaves 

 affords a very pretty variety in the summer. It flowers in 

 May, when planted in the full air; but when placed against 

 warm walls, a fortnight or three weeks earlier. The wood of 

 this tree is very beautifully veined with black and green, and 

 as it takes a tine polish, might be converted to many uses. 

 There are two varieties of this tree, but are greatly inferior in 

 beauty. Native of the Levant, Spain, the south of France, 

 on the Appenines, near Rome in Italy, and in Japan. 



2. Cercis Canadensis ; Canada Judas Tree, or Red-bud Tree. 

 Leaves cordate, pubescent, ovate, acute. It grows naturally 

 in most parts of North America; where it is called Red-bud, 

 probably from the red flower-buds appearing in the spring, 

 before the leaves come out : it grows to a middle stature in 

 that country, but in England it rarely rises with a stem more 

 than twelve feet high, branching out near the root : the flowers 

 are not so beautiful as those of the first species, but the trees 

 are equally hardy, and will thrive in the open air. The 

 ilowers of this, as well as those of the first species, are fre- 

 quently put into salads by the Americans ; and the French in 

 Canada pickle them, but they have little flavour. The young 

 branches of this tree will dye wool of a very fine Nankin colour. 



Cerintlie; a genus of the class Pen tandria, order Monogy- 

 nia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth five-parted; 

 divisions oblotig, equal, permanent. Corolla : monopetalous, 

 bell-form ; tube short, thick ; border tube-bellied, rather 

 thicker than the tube ; mouth five-cleft ; throat naked, 

 |ervious. Stamina : fiiamenta five, subulate, very short ; 

 anthem acute, erect. Pi<UU .- germen four-parted ; style 

 filiform, length of the stamina ; stigma obtuse. Pericarp: 

 none ; calix unchanged. Seeds: two, bony, glossy, subovate, 

 outwardly gibbous, bilocular. ESSENTIAL CII.VR.UTKK. 

 Border of the Corolla tube-bellied ; throat pervious. Seeds : 

 two, bilocular. These plants are propagated by seeds, which 

 should be sown soon after they are ripe. They form a pretty 

 Variety for large borders in gardens, where, if only suffered 

 to drop their seeds, they will propagate themselves without 

 further care. The species are; 



I. Cerintae Major ; Great Honey wort. Leaves stena- 



clusping; corollas bluntish, spreading. Stems rathermore than 

 eighteen inches high, round, smooth, branching, and leafy. 

 Leaves glaucous, becoming blue by age, ciliated about the 

 edges, dotted with white ; branches leafy, nodding ; flowers 

 among the leaves, hanging on long peduncles ; the tube of 

 the corolla is yellow, but the border purple ; the toothlets 

 very short and revolute. This is one of the most common 

 herbs all over Italy ; hence Virgil's expression of Cerinthce 

 ignobile gramen. It is no less common in Sicily, and i~ 

 found also in the south of France, Switzerland, Germ.uiy, 

 and Siberia. There is abundance of honey juice in the tube 

 of the flower, for which reason it is much resorted to by bees ; 

 and is therefore peculiarly adapted for planting near apiaries. 



2. Cerinthe Minor ; Small Moneywort. Leaves stem-clasp- 

 ing, entire ; corollas acute closed, yellow, without any spot. 

 The entire plant smooth, and flowering the whole summer. 

 It is annual when sown in the spring, but biennial when 

 sawn in autumn ; in the wild state it is therefore biennial. 

 Native of Italy, Germany, Austria, Syria, and Switzerland. 



Ceropegia ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Morio- 

 gynia. GENERIC CUABACTER. Calix: perianth very small, 

 five- toothed, acute, permanent. Corolla: monopetalous, 

 with a large globose base, which is terminated by a cylin- 

 drical oblong tube ; border very small, five-toothed, acu- 

 minate, with the tip converging, gaping at the side. 

 Stamina : fiiamenta five, in the base of the corolla, very 

 small, incurved, converging ; antherae small. Pistil : germen 

 very small; style scarcely any ; stigmas two. Pericarp. - 

 follicles two, cylindric, acuminate, very long erect, unilocu- 

 lar, univalve. Seeds: numerous, imbricated, oblong, crowned 

 with a pappus. ESSENTIAL CUABACTER. Contorted. Folli- 

 cles : two, erect. Seeds; plumose. Border of the Corolla; 

 converging. The species are, 



1 . Ceropegia Candelabrum. Umbels pendulous ; flowers 

 erect. A twining plant ; stems slender, round, green or 

 reddish. The peduncle, and at first the flowers, hang down, 

 but when open, they erect themselves, and, being placed in 

 a circle, have the appearance of a set of lamps hanging up. 

 Native of the East Indies. 



2. Ceropegia Biflora. Peduncles two-flowered. Stem 

 twining : perennial. Native of the island of Ceylon. 



3. Ceropegia Sagittata ; Arrow-leaved Ceropegia. Umbels 

 sessile ; leaves sagittate. Stem twining, filiform, tomentose. 

 Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 



4. Ceropegia Tenuifolia. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Sten>s 

 slender, milky, red, bay, or green; flowers outside yellowish- 

 green, inside reddish. Native of the East Indies. 



5. Ceropegia Obtusa. Leaves blunt; stem twining. Steia 

 perennial, filiform, smooth; flowers pale. Native of Cochin- 

 china. 



6. Ceropegia Cordata. Leaves cordate ; umbels pendu- 

 lous. Stem long, round, branching ; perennial ; flowers 

 greenish yellow,in large hemispherical axillary umbels.on long 

 peduncles. Native of Cochin-china, climbing in the hedge*. 



Cestmtm ; a genus of the class Peutaudria, order Mon.>i.'y- 

 nia. GENERIC CHARACTKR. Calix : perianth one-leafed, 

 tubular, columnar, obtuse, very short; mouth five-cleft, 

 erect, obscure. Corolla : monopetalous, funnel-form ; tube 

 rylindric, very long, slender; throat roundish ; border flat, 

 plaited, five-cleft ; divisions ovate, equal. Stamina : fiia- 

 menta five, filiform, attached longitudinally to the tube, 

 emitting a toothlet in wards at the middle; antherte roundish, 

 quadrangular, within the throat. Pistil: germen cylimirie 

 ovate, length of the calix ; style filiform , length of the .-la- 

 mina ; stigma tbickisb, obtuse, scarcely eiuargiaute. Peri- 

 carp : berry ovate, uniloculajr , oblong. Seeds : very uiaiiy, 



