284 



C H A 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



C H A 



Curtis relates, that in time of scarcity the young leaves have 

 been used as a pot-herb. John Bauhin, however, mentions 

 instances of two families having been poisoned by eating a 

 small quantity of the root. Haller says, that the Dutch use 

 it in gangrenes. Meyrick and Hill both agree in stating, 

 that the leaves operate by urine, and are good in obstructions 

 of that viscera ; they should be given in decoction, and in 

 small doses of a wine glass each. 



2. Chaerophyllum Bulbosum ; Tuberous Chervil. Stem 

 even, swelling at the joints, rough with hairs at the base ; 

 root like the navew, and biennial ; petals white, obcordate, 

 unequal ; some florets of the disk abortive. The roots, taken 

 up early in the spring, are eaten boiled, with salt, oil, and 

 vinegar. Gmelin, however, affirms that both these and the 

 seeds occasion vertigoes , but this is certainly incorrect, at 

 least as far as concerns the fresh root, which many persons 

 have eaten with impunity. It flowers in June and July ; and 

 is a native of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Norway, 

 in hedges, and by wood-sides. 



3. Chaerophyllum Aristatum. Stem even, swelling at the 

 joints ; seeds rough with hairs, two-awned. Stem round, 

 striated, smooth, erect. Native of Japan. 



4. Chaerophyllum Temulum ; Wild Chervil, or Rough Cow- 

 parsley. Stem rugged ; joints swelling. Stem two feet or 

 more in height, branched, round, solid ; petals white. The 

 stem being generally spotted with purple, it is frequently 

 mistaken for Hemlock. It derives the name of temulum, or 

 temulentum, from its supposed narcotic or inebriating quality, 

 which it probably possesses only in a very small degree. 



5. Chaerophyllum Hirsutum ; Hairy Chervil. Stem equal; 

 leaflets gashed, acute; fruits two-awned. This is a pubescent 

 plant ; it is perennial, four feet high ; corolla in some plants 

 red, in others white. Native of Switzerland, Germany, 

 Austria, and Carniola. 



6. Chaerophyllum Aromaticum ; Aromatic Cheerophyllum. 

 Stem equal; leaflets serrate, entire ; fruits two-awned. Stem 

 and petioles rough with hairs. It flowers in July and August. 

 Native of Lusatia, Misnia, Austria, and Silesia. 



7- Chajrophyllum Coloratum. Stem equal ; leaves super- 

 decompound ; involucels coloured. Native of Illyria. 



8. Chaerophyllum Aureum ; Golden Chaerophyllum. Stem 

 equal ; leaflets gashed ; seeds coloured, grooved, awnless. 

 Stem angular, striated, spotted, rough with hairs at bottom, 

 and not hollow ; corollas white, reddish on the outside. 

 Native of the country about Geneva, of Switzerland, Austria, 

 and Germany. 



9. Chaerophyllum Scabrum. Stem equal ; leaves gashed, 

 acute, rough with hairs ; peduncles rugged. Root fibrous. 

 It flowers in April and May. Found near Jedo in Abyssinia, 

 and in Japan. 



10. Chaarophyllutn Arborescens. Shrubby. Native of 

 Virginia. 



Chaffieeed. See Filago. 



Clwnuerops ; a genus of Palms, of the class Polygamia, 

 order Dicecia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Hermaphrodite 

 Flower. Calix : spathe universal, compressed, bifid ; spadix 

 branching ; perianth proper, tripartite, very small. Corolla : 

 tripartite; petals ovate, coriaceous, erect, acute, inflected at 

 the tip. Stamina: filamenta six, subulate-compressed, 

 scarce cohering at the base ; antherae linear, twin, growing 

 to the interior side of the filamenta. Pistil : germen three, 

 roundish ; styles as many, distinct, permanent; stigmas acute. 

 Pericarp: drupes three, globose, unilocular. Seeds: solitary, 

 globose. Male Flower, in a distinct plant, flowering in the 

 s.iine manner. Calix and Corolla : as in the hermaphrodite. 

 Stamina -. a gibbous receptacle, ending in six filamenta, not 



marked by perforations ; in every thing else as the hermaph- 

 rodites. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Hermaphrodite. Caiir.- 

 three-parted. Corolla : three-petalled. Stamina: six. Ptitil: 

 three. Drupes: three, one-seeded. Males-, dioecous, as 

 in the hermaphrodite. The species are, 



1. Chamaerops Humilis ; Dwarf Fan Palm. Fronds pal - 

 mated, plaited ; stipes thorny. This tree never rises with an 

 upright stem, but the footstalks of the leaves rise immediately 

 from the head of the root, and are armed on each side with 

 strong spines ; they are flat on their upper surface, and con- 

 vex on their under side ; the centres of the leaves are fastened 

 to the footstalk, and spread open like a fan, having many 

 foldings, and at the top are deeply divided like the fingers of 

 a hand ; their borders are finely sawed, and have white nar- 

 row edgings ; they are from nine to eighteen inches long, and 

 near a foot broad in the widest part. Fruit a drupe, nearly 

 globular ; rind thin ; flesh thickish, fibrous, when old cork- 

 like, hard, inodorous. The pith near the root is sweetish 

 and tender, and is sometimes eaten in deserts. It grows na- 

 turally in Italy, Sicily, and Spain, particularly in Andalusia, 

 where, in the sandy land, the roots spread and propagate so 

 fast, as to cover the ground in the same manner as Fern in 

 England. The leaves of these plants are tied together, to 

 make besoms for sweeping. It is commonly propagated by 

 heads, which separate from the main root ; if these be care- 

 fully taken off with fibres, and planted, they will grow ; but 

 the plants so raised are not so good as those produced from 

 seeds : the seeds should be sown in small pots, filled with 

 light sandy earth, and plunged into a moderate hot-bed of 

 tanner's bark, where they must now and then be refreshed 

 with water when they appear ; if they be not too dose to 

 each other in the pots, they will not require transplanting the 

 first year; they should remain in the tan-bed all the first sum- 

 mer, having plenty of air in warm weather, and be removed 

 into the stove in autumn : if they be plunged into the bark-bed 

 in the first winter, it will greatly promote their growth. They 

 should be carefully turned out of their pots in the following- 

 spring, so as to preserve their roots entire, for all the Palms 

 have tender roots, and are frequently killed when the roots 

 are broken ; and then be each replanted into a separate small 

 pot, filled with light, sandy, undunged earth, and placed in a 

 fresh hot-bed, to encourage their taking root. They should 

 be gradually hardened in the ensuing summer, and in the 

 following autumn may be placed in a dry-stove, but as they 

 advance and acquire strength, they may be placed in the 

 open air in summer, in a warm situation, and preserved in a 

 warm green-house in winter, without artificial heat : they 

 require but little water, except in very dry weather, especially 

 during the winter season. They should have larger pots as 

 they advance in growth. 



2. Chamserops Excelsa. Fronds palmated, nervous, ser- 

 rate; stipes unarmed. This is a lofty tree. Native of Japan. 



3. ChamaeropsCochin-chinensis. Fronds palmate, plait oil; 

 stipes thorny ; spathes partial ; corollas monopetalous ; trunks 

 eight feet high, an inch in diameter, straight, equal. Natne 

 of the woods of Cochin-china. 



Champignon. See Agaricus. 



Changeable Rose. See Hibiscus iVufalilis. 



Chara ; a genus of the class Monoecia, order Monandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER Female Flower. Calix : perianth four- 

 leaved ; leaflets subulate, erect, permanent ; the two op- 

 posite exterior ones longer than the others. Corolla : none. 

 Pistil : germen turbinate ; style none ; stigma five-cleft, 

 oblong, deciduous. Pericarp : crust, ovate, unilocular, ad- 

 hering. Seed: single, ovate, spirally striated. Male Floweri, 

 at the base of the germen, beyond the calix. Calii: HOIK-. 



