CHE 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



C H E 



est-coloured flowers should always be selected for seeds 

 these should 'be sown in April, upon poor undunged soil 

 and when the plants are fit to remove, they should be trans- 

 planted into nursery beds, at about six inches' distance eacl 

 way, observing to water and shade them until they have 

 t;iken fresh root, after which they will require no further 

 ca're but to keep them clean from weeds all the summer, 

 and at Michaelmas they may be transplanted into the borders 

 of the flower-garden, where they are intended to remain 

 that the plants may root before the frosts come on. The 

 above is the common method of treating these flowers ; but 

 if the seeds be sown upon poor land, where they are designed 

 to remain, and not transplanted, they will thnVe ami endure 

 the frost much better than those which are removed ; so that 

 the seeds of these plants may be sown upon rains or rubbish, 

 where they will thrive, and continue much longer than in 

 good land ; and if properly disposed, they will be very 

 ornamental in such places, while their flowers, with their 

 strong odour, will fill the air to a considerable distance with 

 an agreeable perfume. According to Hill, the flowers are 

 used ; and an infusion of them when fresh is good against 

 the head-ache, and in all nervous disorders : they are also 

 tcood to steep in oil, to which they give a cordial warmth, 

 and make it good against pains in the limbs ; but they are 

 not much used either way at present. 



7. Cheiranthus Fruticulosus. Leaves lanceolate-acute, 

 smooth, subsetTate ; stem shrubby. This strongly resembles 

 the preceding species, but is a lower plant, only three or four 

 inches high ; flowers one eighth of the size of the common 

 Wallflower, less fragrant, pale yellow.- Native of Spain. 



8. Cheiranthus Chrus. Leaves obovate, veinless, emar- 

 ginate ; 'siliqnes subulate at the tip. Native of the isle of 

 Chios, and Russia. The seeds of this, and the next species, 

 are sown in patches at two or three different times ; the first 

 in autumn, the second at tbc end of March, and the third at 

 the end of April or beginninir of May, in the borders of the 

 ftower-garden, where they will make a variety, when inter- 

 mixed with other low-growing annual flowers, for three 

 months. 



9. Cherrnnthus Maritimtis ; Dwarf Annual Stock-Gilli- 

 foucr. Leaves elliptic, obtuse, naked, roughish ; stem dif- 

 fused, Tough. It seldom rises more than six inches high ; 

 it is an annual plant. See the foregoing species. Grows on 

 the coast of the Mediterranean. 



1ft. Cheiranthus Salinus. Leaves lanceolate, obtuse, quite 

 entire ,- stem erect ; antherae included ; corolla purple, with 

 :i yellowish throat. It has the smell of the Stock -Gilliflower. 

 Native of the salt marshes of Siberia and Tartary. 



II. Cheiranthus Incanus; Stock- Gilliflower. Leaves 

 lanceolate, quite entire, obtuse, hoary ; siliques truncate at 

 the end, and compressed ; stem undershrubby. The Stock- 

 (rilliflower rises with astrongstalk, whichis almost shrubby, 

 nfootliigh or more, having oblong.spear-shaped, hoary leaves, 

 frequently waved on their edges, and turned downward at 

 the extremity ; from the stalk come out many lateral branches, 

 with smallerleaves; these side-branches are each terminated 

 by a loose spike of flowers, each having a woolly calix, and 

 four large roundish petals indented at the end ; these usually 

 appear in May and .Tune, but the same plants frequently 

 continue flowering most part of the summer. The seeds 

 ripen in autumn, and the plants generally perish soon after ; 

 hut when any of them grow in dry rubbish, they will last two 

 or three years, mid become shrubby ; but those with single 

 flowers are not wortli preserving after they have perfected 

 their seeds. The flowers of this species vary in their colour, 

 some are of a pale, others of a bright red, und some are 



curiously variegated, but those of the bright red are gene- 

 rally most esteemed : if the seeds be well chosen, threu- 

 fourths of the plants will frequently be double ; and as they 

 divide into many branches, they make a fine appearance 

 during their continuance in flower. There are three principal 

 varieties : 1. The Brompton Stock- Gilliflower, with bright red 

 flowers; 2. The While Stock- Gillifinwer. with flowers (Kile- 

 coloured purple, and somothnca purple variegated with white ; 

 3. The White Wallflower, with flowers which are of a pure 

 white, and have a great fragrancy, especially in the evening, 

 or in eloudy weather. Native of the sea-coasts of Spain : 

 found also in Italy, Greece, Corsica, and the adjacent isles. 

 These flowers are of very long standing in the English 

 gardens. The old English name of Gilliflower, which is now 

 almost lost in the prefix Stock, is corrupted from the French 

 giro/Her. Chaucer writes it gylofre; Turner, gelover and, 

 gelyfloure; Gerarde and Parkinson, gillyflower. Having been 

 thus far removed from its original orthography, it was easily 

 corrupted by those who knew not whence it was derived, into 

 July-flower. Pinks and Carnations also having the name of 

 Gilliflower, from their smelling like the clove, which is called 

 girofte in French, from the Latin caryophyllum : they were 

 called CJove-gilliflowers, and these Stock-gilliflowers for dis- 

 tinction. Gerarde says, they were also called Garnsey I'iulft, 

 and Castle Gilliflower. Culture. All the varieties of this 

 species flower in May and June, at which time they are the 

 greatest ornaments to the flower-garden, and therefore deserve 

 as much attention as any of the beautiful flowery tribe. In 

 order to raise double flowers, great care must be taken in 

 choosing plants for seed, without which there can be little 

 hopes of having these flowers in perfection. A very sure way 

 of obtaining many double flowers, is to make choice of those 

 single flowers which grow near many double ones, for those 

 seeds saved from plants growing in beds close to each other, 

 if there happened to be a good many double flowers among 

 them, have been always found to produce a much greater 

 number of plants with double flowers, than those which have 

 been saved from plants of the same kinds which grow single 

 in the borders of the flower-garden. There should be a 

 small bed of each kind planted in the flower-nursery, on pur- 

 pose to save seeds ; or if they be sown there, and the plants 

 properly thinned when they are young, they need not be 

 transplanted, for those plants which spring up from scattered 

 seeds, which have not been transplanted, endure the frost 

 much better than those which have been removed ; because, 

 as these plants send out horizontal roots from the bottom of 

 their stems, which spread near the surface of the ground, so, 

 when they are transplanted, the roots are forced downwards 

 out of their natural direction, and if their stalks were grown 

 ;all before removal, they are generally planted low in the 

 ground, wherebythey are apt to rot, if the ground be moist and 

 he winter should prove wet ; therefore where they can be left 

 unremoved, there will be a better chance of their living through 

 he winter ; and as these beds need not be of great extent, so 

 when the winter proves very severe, it will not be much 

 rouble or expense to arch the beds over with hoops, and 

 cover them with mats in frosty weather, by which method 

 hey may be always preserved. The ground where these 

 seeds are sown must not have any dung, for the plants will 

 ;row very vigorous in rich land during summer, but frost, or 

 lie heavy rains in autumn, will soon destroy them ; for they 

 will thrive upon rock or old wall, when all those which are 

 >lanted in gardens are destroyed. The best time to sow the 

 seeds is about the beginning of May ; and if the season 

 should prove dry, it will be proper to shade the beds with 

 mats every day, to prevent the earth from drying too fast ; 



