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OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



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287 



but the covering must be taken off every evening to admit 

 the dews of night, and they should be gently watered in 

 the evening, twice or thrice a week. When they first appear 

 v/ith their two seed-leaves, they are often attacked by flies, 

 imperially in dry hot seasons ; therefore, to prevent them from 

 destroying the plants, the above-mentioned covering should 

 be continued over them during the heat of the day, and the 

 plants ought to be frequently refreshed with water, which 

 will keep them in a growing state, ami the flies will not infest 

 them ; for they never attack any plant until they have been 

 stinted in their growth : after this they will only require to 

 be kept clean from weeds, and to be thinned to the distance 

 of nine inches or a foot, that they may have sufficient room 

 to grow, and not draw each other up tall and weak. There 

 are some who propagate the double Stock-gilliflowers by slips 

 mid cuttings, which will take root when properly managed; 

 luit the plants so raised are never so strong as those which 

 come from seeds, their spikes of flowers are always very short, 

 and have not half the beauty of those raised from the seed. 



19. Cheiranthus Fenestralis ; Cluster-leaved Stock Gilli- 

 jitmcr. Leaves crowded in heads, recurved, waved ; stem 

 undivided. Stem shrubby, from six to eight inches high ; 

 corolla petals obcordate, reflected, channelled, notchletted, 

 purple, glittering with gold. It continues three or four 

 years, flowering the second j the third and fourth, it puts out 

 branches, which flower the same year. This plant is proper 

 to stand in windows on account of its smallness, and the very 

 grateful odour it exhales, especially in the evening. It flowers 

 from May to July. 



13. Cheiranthus Annuus ; Annual Stock Gilliflower, or 

 Ten-iceek Stock. Leaves lanceolate, somewhat toothed, ob- 

 tuse, hoary ; siliqnes cylindric, acute at the end ; stem her- 

 baceous. It rises with a round smooth stalk, about two feet 

 toigh, dividing into several branches at top. Of this sort, 

 there are the red, purple, white, and striped, with single 

 flowers ; and the same colours with double-flowers ; which 

 are very great ornaments in the borders of the flower-garden, 

 in autumn. Grows naturally on the sea-coast of the southern 

 countries of Europe. If the seeds of this plant be sown at 

 three different times, a succession may be kept up during 

 several months. The first sowing should be about the middle 

 of February, upon a very slender hot-bed, just to bring up 

 the plants, which must be guarded against frost ; and when 

 they are fit to remove, they should be transplanted into nur- 

 sery beds, at about three or four inches' distance, observing 

 to water and shade them till they have taken root, and after- 

 wards to keep them clean from weeds ; in these beds they 

 may remain five or six weeks to acquire strength, and may 

 then be planted in the borders of the flower-garden, where 

 they are to remain : if they be transplanted during rain, they 

 will the sooner take root, and afterwards require no farther 

 care. To succeed these, another parcel of seeds should be 

 sown in March ; and a third parcel at the end of May. If the 

 lust be sown upon a warm border, where they may be covered 

 by placing glasses before them in winter, or covering them 

 with mats, they may be continued in flower till Christmas : 

 and if some of the plants be potted and placed under a hot- 

 bed frame in autumn, where they may enjoy the open air in 

 mild weather, and be screened from hard rains and frost, 

 they will keep flowering all the winter, when the weather is 

 not very severe. 



14. Cheiranthus Littoreus ; Sea Stock Gilliflou-cr . Leaves 

 lanceolate, somewhat toothed, tomentose, and fleshy ; petals 

 emarginate; siliques tomentose. Stem a foot high, alternately 

 branching, hoary. The flowers are smaller than those of the 

 common Stock, of a bright red at first, but fading to a 



purple. The whole plant is very white, and, having woody 

 .stalks, has the appearance of a perennial plant, but it gene- 

 rally perishes in autumn. It grows naturally near the sea- 

 coast, in the south of France, Spain, and Italy. The seeds 

 should be sown in autumn on a warm border, where the 

 plants are designed to remain. These will flower early in 

 June, and produce good seeds. 



15. Cheiranthus Tristis ; Dark-flowered Stock- Gilliftower. 

 Leaves linear, subsinuate ; flowers sessile ; petals waved j 

 stem shrubby. This seldom rises above eight or nine inches 

 in height. The whole plant is roughish, and of a hoary ash 

 colour. It has a grateful odour at night, somewhat resembling 

 that of the Geranium Triste. Native of the south of Europe. 



16. Cheiranthus Trilobus. Leaves toothed, obtuse ; calices 

 even ; siliques knotted, mucronate, filiform, even. Root 

 annual ; stems seven or eight inches high, branched, spread- 

 ing, hoary ; flowers rather large, purple. Native of Spain, 

 and of Italy, on the sea-shore near Terracina. 



17. Cheiranthus Tricuspidatus ; Trifid Stock- Gilliflower. 

 Leaves lyrate ; siliques three-toothed at the tip. An annual 

 plant, branching out from the root into manydecliningstalks; 

 lower leaves two inches long, hoary ; flowers in loose spikes 

 or racemes ; corollas purple. Native of Barbary. If the 

 seeds be sown in autumn on a warm border, the plants will 

 live through the winter, and flower early in June, so that good 

 seeds may be obtained from them. 



18. Cheiranthus Sinuatus ; Prickly-podded Stock- Gilli- 

 flower. Leaves tomentose, obtuse, subsinuate ; branch-leaves 



entire ; siliques muricate. Stalk erect, and the whole plant 

 covered with a white down; lower leaves broad, lanceolate, 

 obtuse, alternately indented ; flowers flesh-coloured, suc- 

 ceeded by long woolly pods. Brought from the Isle of Rhe, 

 near Rochelle. Found also upon the rocks at Aberdovy in 

 Merionethshire ; on the sandy coast of Anglesea, about Aber- 

 meneyferry, at Aberdaren in Caernarvonshire ; and on the 

 coast of Cornwall. It is biennial ; and may he increased by 

 seeds in the same manner as the other sorts. 



19. Cheiranthus Farsetia. Siliques oval, compressed ; 

 leaves linear, lanceolate ; stem shrubby, erect. Stem a foot 

 high, hoary, stiff, straight, and branching : the flowers are 

 of a dull colour, smelling sweet only in the night. Native 

 of Egypt and Arabia; and observed by Forskael in the 

 kingdom of Tunis. 



20. Cheiranthus Tenuifolius; Narrow-leaved Shrubby Stock- 

 Gilliflowfr. Leaves filiform, quite entire, somewhat silky ; 

 stem frutescent, branched. This is a-shrub, a foot and a half 

 in height, the branches becoming bald at bottom. Itflowers 

 in May and June ; and is a native of Madeira. Both this and 

 the next species are quick of growth, and may be propagated 

 by cuttings put into the ground, as soon as the plants have 

 done flowering. These cuttings will produce handsome 

 plants to place in the green-house upon the approach of 

 winter, to decorate it in the ensuing spring : they will sur- 

 vive a mild winter under a wall in sheltered gardens, and 

 appear to be almost as hardy as the common Stock. 



21. Cheiranthus Mutabilis ; Broad-kaved Shrubby Stock- 

 GiUiflower. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate ; 

 stem frutescent ; siliques peduncled. This is a shrub, grow- 

 ing to the height of two or three feet : it flowers from March 

 till May. Its chief merit consists in its early flowering. The 

 showy blossoms on first opening are white, sometimes in- 

 clined to yellow ; in a few days they become purple ; and 

 hence its trivial name mutabifis, or changeable. For the 

 propagation and culture, see the preceding species. 



22. Cheiranthus Quadrangulus. .Leaves linear, entire, 

 siliques sessile, oblong, quadrangular. This grows a cubit 



