C H L 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



C II R 



293 



plants that require little water ; where they may remain til 

 autumn, and then have the protection of a glass-case, givin 

 them but little water in winter, enjoying the sun as much a 

 possible, and the air in mild weather. \Vith this manage- 

 ment, they will produce flowers the second year. The cut- 

 tings also will take root with proper management, but not 

 very readily. 



[<>. Chironia Frutescens. Shrubby : leaves linear-lanceo- 

 late, fleshy, subtomentose ; calices bell-shaped. Stem a foot 

 and half "high, woody; branches round, tomentose, ash- 

 coloured, mostly alternate, subdividing a little at top ; flowers 

 bright red, at the summits of the branches. Native of Africa. 

 a genus of the class Octandria, order Monogynia 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth eight-leaved; 

 lots linear, spreading, permanent. Corolla: monopetalous 

 T-shaped ; tube shorter than the calix, coating the ger- 

 nii-n ; border eight-parted ; divisions lanceolate, longer than 

 the tube. Stamina: filamenta eight, very short, seated on 

 the throat ; antherae linear, erect, shorter than the divisions. 

 Pistil: germen ovate-oblong ; style filiform, length of the 

 tube; stigmas four, oblong, cylindric. Pericarp: capsule 

 ovate-oblong, one-celled, somewhat compressed, furrowed, 

 two-valved; valves incurvated on the side. Seals : numerous, 

 minute. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: eight-leaved. 

 Corolla : one-petalled, eight-cleft. Capsule : one-celled, two- 

 valved, many-seeded. Stigma: four-cleft. All these plants 

 may be easy propagated from seeds, and require only com- 

 mon care in the cultivation. Our common Yellow Centaury, 

 however, does not thrive well in a garden. The species are, 



1 . Chlora Perfoliata ; Perfoliate Yellow Wort, or Yellow 

 ( ''iitaury. Leaves perfoliate. The whole plant generally 

 very glaucous ; stem cylindric, smooth, from three inches to 

 three feet high ; corolla gold coloured, with a milky juice ; 

 segments sometimes nine, slightly emarginate. Annual ; 

 found on chalky and limestone soils, flowering from June 

 through the autumn. Haller says, that this plant is more 

 bitter than the red, (Gentiana Centaurium) and that it 

 seems to possess the same qualities. 



2. Chlora Imperfoliata. Corollas six-cleft. Stem herba- 

 ceous, quite simple, erect, four-cornered, glossy, a hand in 

 height ; the internodes longer than theleaves ; flowers yellow, 

 terminal, peduncled. Annual ; and a native of Italy. 



.'5. Chlora Quadrifolia. Leaves in fours. Supposed to be 

 hybrid plant, produced from Gentiana perfoliata and Linitm 

 i/iiiidrit'oHniii. Stem simple, a span in height, somewhat 

 quadrangular, jointed. Native of the south of Europe. 



4. Chlora Dodeeandria. Leaves opposite : corollas twelve- 

 cleft. Flowers flesh-coloured. Native of Virginia. 



CMaranthus ; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : none, but an ovate, 

 acute, concave scale, on which the germen is placed. 

 Cvrolbi : one or three lobed convex petal, inserted into the 

 outside of the germen. Stamina: tilamenta none; anthcrre 

 tour, inserted into the lobes of the petal, on the e<lges 

 towards the inside, and bivalve. Pistil : germen obovate, 

 prominent in front, and bearing the petal ; style unequal, very 

 ."'iurt, angular; stigmas three, very minute, erect. Purirarp .- 

 drupe, oblong. Seed: nut oblong, smooth. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Calix: none. Corolla: a petal three lobed 

 by the side of the germen. Anthers: growing to the petal. 

 DmjiK : one-seeded. The only discovered species is, 



1. Chloranthus Inconspicuus, or Chu Ian. This is an her- 

 baceous plant ; stems many, from the root, half afoot high, 

 spreading, suberect, a little branching, round, striated, 

 smooth ; leaves about two inches long, oblong-ovate, some- 

 what wrinkled, permanent ; flowers pale yellow, in a terminal 



VOL. i. 25. 



panicle. This plant has been long introduced into the royal 

 garden at Kew, as a native of China, where, we are told, if 

 is cultivate;! in their gardens, though it seems not to have 

 any qualities ei i her palatable or odoriferous, nor any tiling 

 to recommend it in its appearance. Dr. Lind asserts, that 

 the Chinese mix it with their tea, to give it a pleasant smell; 

 but this plant itself has no smell whatever. It is preserved 

 in the stove, and may be readily increased by runners. 



Cliocolate.-nut True. See Tlteobroma. 



Chondrilla ; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Poly- 

 gamia /Kqualis/ GKXKRH; CHARACTER. Ciilit . common 

 calicled, cylindric ; scales of the cylinder very many, parallel, 

 linear, equal ; those of the base few, very short. Corolla : 

 compound imbricate, uniform ; corollets hermaphrodite, very 

 many, equal, in several rows; proper monopetalous, strap- 

 shaped, linear, truncated, four or five toothed. Stamina: 

 filamenta five, capillary, very short ; antherae cylindric, 

 tubular. Pistil: germen subovate ; style filiform, length of 

 the stamina ; stigmas two, reflex. Pericarp : none ; calix 

 cylindric, oblong. Seeds: solitary, ovate, compressed, muri- 

 cated ; pappus hairy ; stripe long, attenuated above. Recep- 

 tacle: naked. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: calicled. 

 Fliai-itli's : in many rows. Seeds: muricated. Pappus: 

 simple, stipituted. The species are, 



1. Chondrilla Juncea ; Rushy Gum Succory. Radical 

 leaves runcinate ; stem leaves linear, entire. Root perennial ; 

 stem much branched, from two to three feet high, erect; at 

 bottom strigose, towards the top smooth, brightgreen ; corol- 

 las slender, yellow, like those of Lettuce. The juice of the 

 whole plant is extremely bitter ; although the Spaniards use 

 it as a salad herb. It flowers in July, -and ripens its seed in 

 September. Native of France, Switzerland, Germany, An<- 

 tria, Italy, and Spain. It is seldom preserved in gardens, 

 because the roots are very apt to spread, and become trouble- 

 some weeds ; the downy seeds are also carried by the wind 

 to a considerable distance, and fill the ground with plants ; 

 the roots strike deep and spread out with thick fibres on 

 every side : each of these when cut or broken, will shoot up; 

 so that, when this plant has -once got possession of the 

 ground, it is very difficult to root it up. 



2. Chondrilla Crepioides. Leaves sagittate, stem-clasping ; 

 fft>wers subsessile., lateral. Stem simple, a foot and a half 

 high, purple at the base, striated, set with a few white 



stli's ; corolla yellow, purplish underneatli ; calix striated, 

 beset with black tubercles, and a white bristle. 



3. Chondrilla Nudicaulis. Scape naked ; flowers pani- 

 cled. Radical leaves runcinate, obtuse at the end, glossy ; 

 toothlet ciliated ; corolla pale yellow, consisting of about 

 twenty-four corollules, all formingthe ray, and obtusely five- 

 toothed. Native of the East Indies. 



Christmas Rose, Christmas Flower. See Helleborus. 

 Christ's Thorn. See Rhainniis Paliurus. 

 Chrysanthemum ; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order 

 'olygiimia SuperHua. GKNERIC CHARACTER. Calix : 

 common hemispherical, imbricate ; scales close, incumbent, 

 he interior ones larger by degrees, the innermost terminated 

 >y a parched scale. Corolla : compound radiated ; corol- 

 ets hermaphrodite, tubular, numerous in the disk ; females 

 nore than twelve in the ray ; proper of the hermaphrodites 

 unnel-form, five- cleft, patulous, length of the calix ; of the 

 emales strap-shaped, oblong, three-toothed. Stamina, in 

 he hermaphrodites : filamenta five, capillary, very short : 

 antherre cylindric, tubular, shorter than the corolla. Pistil, 

 n the hermaphrodites : germen ovate ; style filiform, longer 

 han the stamina ; stigmas two, revolute. In the females : 

 .rermen ovate ; -style filiform, equal with the hermaphro- 

 4 F 



