504 



C II R 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL ; 



C H R 



dites ; stigmas two, obtuse, revolute. Pericarp: none; 

 calix unchanged. Seed : solitary, oblong, without any 

 pappus ; receptacle naked, dotted, convex. ESSE.N TI\L 

 CIIAHACTER. Calir : hemispherical, imbricated, the mar- 

 ginal scales membranaceous. Pappus : margined. Recep- 

 tacle : naked. The species are, 



* With white Corollas. 



1. Chrysanthemum Frutescens; Canary Oxeye. Shrubby: 

 leaves fleshy, linear, pinnate-toothed, tririd at the end. 

 Stem shrubby, nearly two feet high, dividing into many 

 branches ; leaves of a greyish colour, cut into many narrow 

 segments ; flowers axillary, greatly resemblingthose of com- 

 mon Chamomile ; there is a succession of them during great 

 part of the year, for which this plant is chiefly esteemed. 

 Native of the Canary islands. It will perfect its seed in 

 England when the seasons are favourable ; but as the cut- 

 tings take root very easily during any of the summer months, 

 the seeds are rarely sown. It will not endure our winters in 

 the open air, therefore when the cuttings have made good 

 roots, they should be each planted into a separate pot, and 

 placed in the shade until they have taken fresh root, then 

 remove them to a sheltered situation till autumn ; and thence 

 into the green house, giving them free air in mild weather, 

 and frequently refreshing them with gentle waterings in 

 winter ; in summer they will require more moisture, and 

 should receive the same treatment as other hardy exotics. 



2. Chrysanthemum Serotinum ; Creeping-rooted Chrysan- 

 themum. Leaves lanceolate, serrate at top, acuminate at 

 both ends. Roots perenniel, creeping far under the surface : 

 the stems are strong, and three or four feet high ; the flowers 

 appear in September. It multiplies very fast by its creeping 

 roots., and will thrive in any soil or situation. 



3. Chrysanthemum Atratum ; Fleshy -leaved Chrysanthe- 

 mum. All the leaves wedge-shaped, oblong, gashed, fleshy, 

 stem one-flowered. It is a perennial ; and frequents the 

 pastures of the Alps in Switzerland, Savoy, and Austria. 



4. Chrysanthemum Alpinum ; Alpine Oxeye. Leaves 

 wedge-shaped, pinnatifid ; segments entire ; stems one- 

 flowered. Steins stoloniferons. It is perennial ; and found 

 in the south of France, Switzerland, the Valais, Savoy, about 

 Tubingen, on the Pyrenees, and in Arragon. 



5. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum ; Common Oieye, dt 

 Great Daisy. Leaves stem-clasping, oblong, the upper 

 serrate, the lower toothed. Root perennial, someWhat creep- 

 ing ; stem from twelve to eighteen inches high, erect, rigid, 

 angular, at bottom often purplish and hairy, above naked, 

 simple, or little branched ; flowers terminal, solitary, large, 

 and showy. It is very common in dry meadows and pas- 

 tures, sometimes on walls, and in corn-fields, flowering from 

 May to July, and increasing greatly by seed. The fresh 

 leaves chewed, have a sweetish, but unpleasant and slightly 

 aromatic taste, somewhat like Parsley, but not hot or biting; 

 they have been recommended in disorders of the breast, 

 both asthmatical and phthisical, and as diuretics. Allioni 

 commends it ; and John Bauhin observes, that the young 

 leaves are eaten for salads at Padua, as well as in other 

 places. According to Linneus, horses, sheep, and goats 

 eat it, but cows and swine refuse it. Mr. Curtis remarks, 

 that it is singular, while so many beautiful varieties of the 

 common Daisy are met with in almost every garden, we never 

 see this plant in a similar state ; he has, however, been cre- 

 dibly informed, that two double varieties of this species are 

 found near Ayr in Scotland. Hallcr asserts, that the varieties 

 of this plant are innumerable, and he mentions several, among 

 others, one in which the florets of the ray are fistulous : it 

 is highly probable, therefore, that culture would produce as 



many varieties of this as the common Daisy has afforded' 

 Parkinson mentions it with double flowers. The country 

 people give a decoction of the fresh herb in ale for the jaun- 

 dice, which operates by urine. Besides the common names 

 of Great and Oxeye Daisy, Dr. Withering says it is called 

 Moon/lower. Gerarde calls this plant Maudimtcort. 



6. Chrysanthemum Montanum ; Mountain Oxeye. Bottom 

 leaves spatulate-lanceolate, serrate, upper linear. Perennial : 

 stems many, erect, very hirsute at bottom, and somewhat vil- 

 lose at top, simple, and one-flowered, but becoming branched 

 in a state of cultivation ; leaves smooth. Said, by Mr. Miller, 

 to have been imported from Verona, near which place it grows 

 in great plenty. Sow the seeds in a shady border ; they will 

 come up in about six weeks; transplant them, when fit to 

 remove, into another shady border, where they may remain, 

 and keep them clean from weeds. 



7. Chrysanthemum Graminifolium ; Grass-leaved Oxeye. 

 Leaves linear, toothed at the end, or the whole length. 

 Perennial ; ray of the corolla white. This and the twelfth 

 species rarely perfect their seeds in England, but being per- 

 ennials, may easily be increased by parting the roots ; the 

 best time for this is in autumn. 



8. Chrysanthemum Monspeliense ; Montpellier Oxeye. 

 Lower leaves palmate ; leaflets linear, pinnatiiid. An elegant 

 plant, without scent ; perennial ; very smooth and slightly 

 villose, with erect branching stems. This species ripens 

 seed every year in England, by which the plant is easily pro- 

 pagated, for if they are sown in the spring on a common 

 border, they will come up in six weeks ; when these are fit 

 to remove, they may be transplanted into a nursery bed, at 

 about a foot distance every way, and kept clean from weeds 

 till autumn, when they may be removed to the places where 

 they are designed to remain. As these plants extend their 

 branches pretty far on every side, they should be allowed at 

 least two feet room ; if planted upon poor dry land, or upon 

 lime rubbish, they will not grow so vigorously as in good 

 ground, but will endure the cold better, and continue longer : 

 when very succulent, they are apt to rot in winter ; but 

 where they grow from the joints of old walls, they continue 

 in vigour several years. 



9. Chrysanthemum Balsamita. Leaves ovate-oblong, ser- 

 rate, eared. Perennial ; stems many, erect, roundish, very 

 slightly villose ; the ray of the flower is white ; disk yellow. 

 It was found by Tournefort in the Levant. 



10. Chrysanthemum Inodorum. Leaves pinnate, multifid ; 

 stem branching, diffused ; flowers large, terminating. It is 

 an annual ; found in corn-fields and by road-sides, flowering 

 from July to September. Old authors usually rank this plant 

 with the Chamomiles. 



11. Chrysanthemum Achillaea ; Milfoil- leaved Chrysan- 

 themum. Leaves bipinnate ; pinnas imbricate ; stem stiff 

 and straight, many-flowered. Stem erect, somewhat angular, 

 a foot high. Perennial. Native of Italy. 



1-2. Chrysanthemum Corymbosum ; Corymbed Chrysanthe- 

 mum. Leaves pinnate, gash-serrate ; stem many-flowered. 

 Stem erect, from eighteen inches to two or three feet high or 

 more ; florets of the ray about twenty in number, white, 

 three-toothed ; disk flat. The whole plant is void of taste 

 and smell. It is a perennial ; flowering in July and August. 

 Native of the mountainous woods of the south of France, 

 Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Carniola, Hungary, and 

 Siberia. 



** ll'ith YMw Corollas. 



13. Chrysanthemum Indicum. Leaves simple, ovate, sinu- 

 ate, angular, serrate, acute. Root perennial ; stem herba-< 

 ceous, annual, four feet high, upright, round ; branchej 



