C H R 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



C H R 



295 



oblique, subdivided, smooth and even; flowers subterminating, 

 on long peduncles, commonly one-flowered, and solitary ; all 

 the florets ligulate ; their colours are white, red, purple, 

 violet, yellow, orange. They are three inches and more in 

 diameter, but are not remarkable for the pleasantness of their 

 odour. The many varieties of this species differ not only in 

 colour, but in size and doubleness. These are cultivated 

 through the whole empire of Japan, as well as in China and 

 Cochin-china, for the beauty of their flowers, which display 

 themselves during the summer and autumnal months. 



14. Chrysanthemum Pinnatifidum ; Cut-leaved Chrysan- 

 themum. Shrubby ; leaves smooth, drawn to a point at the 

 base, pinnatitid ; segments gashed. Found by Masson near 

 torrents on the highest rocks in the island of Madeira. 



15. Chrysanthemum Arclicum. Leaves simple, wedge- 

 form, subpalmate, multifid, obtuse ; stems weak, diffused, 

 herbaceous, branching at bottom. Native of Kamtschatka 

 and Siberia. 



16'. Chrysanthemum Pectinatum. Leaves pinnate, linear, 

 parallel, acute, quite entire; peduncles solitary, one-flowered. 

 Stems very short, thickish, prostrate, creeping. Perennial. 

 Native of Spain and Italy. 



17. Chrysanthemum Segetum ; Corn Marigold. Leaves 

 stem-clasping, the upper laciniate, the lower tooth-serrate. 

 The whole plant is smooth; stem a foot or more in height, 

 upright, striated, branched, each branch terminated by one 



. large yellow flower. Besides the names of corn marigold, 

 a. id yellow or golden corn-flower, it is called yellow bottle, 

 in Kent ; buddle, whicli is a corruption of bottle, in Norfolk ; 

 golds, or, as it is more generally pronounced, goulds, or 

 , in the midland counties; goulans or goldins, in the 

 north of England; and gules, gooh, guills, or yellow gowans, 

 in Scotland, from the golden colour of the flowers, which, 

 however they may give a brilliancy to the fields in tillage, 

 and please the eye of the passing traveller, are, as Linneus 

 observes, no very agreeable sight to the farmer, as it is a very 

 troublesome weed in sandy soils. Linneus informs us, that it 

 was imported into Sweden along with corn from Jutland, about 

 the end of the last century, and that there is a law in Den- 

 mark obliging the farmers to extirpate it. A large quantity 

 which grew on arable land, was cut when in flower, dried, 

 and eaten by horses as a substitute for hay. The Germans 

 use it for dying yellow. Linneus observes, that the flowers, 

 which appear from June to October, follow the sun remark- 

 ably. The plant is annual. The method which Linneus 

 prescribes for destroying this weed, is, to dung the ground 

 in autumn, then to give the land a summer fallow, and to 

 harrow it about five days after sowing. 



18. Chrysanthemum Myconis ; Tongue-leaved Chrysanthe- 

 mum. Leaves tongue-shaped, obtuse, serrate ; scales of the 

 calix equal ; calix wilh scales scariose at the tip ; corolla 

 <i;r.-p yellow ; ray short, three toothed ; crown of the seed 



ibranaceous. It is annual ; and a native of Portugal, 

 in, and Italy. 



19. Chrysanthemum Italicum. Leaves bipinnate, serrate ; 

 rays of the flowers the length of the disk; stem procumbent. 



resembles the next species very much, but the stem 

 is more branched, many-flowered, and more erect. The ray 

 of the flower is white, the length of the disk. Observed by 

 Arduini in Italy. 



'20. Chrysanthemum Millefoliatum. Leaves bipinnate, 



toothed j stem decumbent ; rays of the corolla shorter than 



the disk. It is low and bushy, but the flower-stems rise nearly 



feet high It begins to flower in June, and continues till 



mher. Tourneibrt first discovered it in the Levant. 



liting very hardy, it will endure the open air, and may be 



easily increased by slips ; but does not perfect seeds in Eng- 

 land, unless in warm dry seasons. 



21. Chrysanthemum Bipinnatum. Leaves bipinnate, ser- 

 rate, villose ; rays shorter than the disk ; peduncles axillary, 

 naked, one-flowered, pubescent, the length of the leaves. 

 Observed by Gmelin in Siberia. 



22. Chrysanthemum Coronarium; Garden Chrysanthemum, 

 or Cretan Corn Marigold. Leaves pinnate, gashed, broader 

 outwards. Stem furrowed, leafy, branching, three feet high : 

 florets of the ray very large, broad, and short, obtusely three- 

 toothed ; in the wild plant yellow : of this plant there are 

 single and double flowers, both white and yellow. There is 

 also a variety with fistular florets, called Quill-leaved Chry- 

 santhemum ; but the seeds of this degenerate to the common 

 sort. Native of Sicily, Crete, the Lower Valais, &c. These 

 plants are always esteemed as annual, so the seeds are usually 

 sown upon a slender hot-bed in the spring, and the plants 

 treated in the same manner as the African Marigold, for the 

 culture of which the reader is referred to the genus Tagetes : 

 but as the plants which are produced from seeds frequently 

 produce single flowers, even if the seeds were saved from the 

 best double flowers, on that account, many persons now 

 propagate these plants from cuttings, whereby they continue 

 the double sorts only. The cuttings are taken from the 

 plants in the beginning of September, and planted in pots. 

 They take root readily, and if placed under a hot-bed frame 

 to screen them from the frost in winter, admitting free air hi 

 mild weather, they will survive the severity of that season, 

 and may be transplanted into the border of the flower-garden 

 in the spring : here they will flower in June, and continue in 

 succession, until the first frosts set in. By the above method 

 all the varieties may be continued without variation ; but the 

 plants which are thus propagated by cuttings will soon be- 

 come entirely barren and will not produce any seed. 



23. Chrysanthemum Flosculosum : Bastard Chrysanthe- 

 mum. All the florets uniform, hermaphrodite. A procum- 

 bent evergreen undershrub : flowers small, solitary, termi- 

 nating, of a deep yellow colour. Native of the Cape. 



24. Chrysanthemum Japonicum. Leaves petioled, gashed 

 at the tip, and toothed. Stem simple, erect, striated, villose ; 

 leaves alternate, oblong, smooth, pale above, green under- 

 ncnt.h. Native of Japan. 



25. Chrysanthemum Ceratophylloides. Stem one-flower- 

 ed ; pinnas deeply cut. The whole plant is extremely 

 smooth ; stem simple, one-flowered, leafy, straight, growing 

 to a foot in height ; florets of the ray marked with lines, and 

 gashed. It is perennial ; and found upon the mountains 

 Tende and Briga. 



26. Chrysanthemum Arragonense. Stem one-flowered ; 

 root-leaves heaped, linear, silky, slightly three-toothed at the 

 tip ; upper stem-leaves quite entire, acute. Stems low and 

 shrubby, about a foot high : from the end of each of the 

 slender woody branches of the stem, a naked peduncle is 

 produced six inches long, sustaining one flower of a sulphur- 

 colour, which appears in June and July, but seldom ripens 

 seed in England. Found in la Sierra de Vjllaroya, near 

 Purujosa in Arragon. 



27. Chrysanthemum Procumbens. Leaves sinuate-gashed, 

 blunt ; stem procumbent. Stem perennial, three feet long, 

 frequently creeping, slender, and very much branched; pe- 

 duncles many-flowered, terminating. There are many varie- 

 ties, but the flowers of all are small. It is found both wild 

 and cultivated, in China and Cochin-china. 



Clirysitrix ; a genus of the class Polygamia, order Dicecia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Hermaphrodite Plant. Calii ; 

 glumes bivalve, many, imbricate; valvelets ovate-oblong, 



